Type II Diabetes :: Health, Diseases

Introduction suit II diabetes is a heterogeneous syndrome results from the progressive defects of impairment of - stall insulin secernment and insulin resistant of the target tissues. It also increases due to the rising rate of obesity which involves the deficiency of insulin to compensate for insulin protection by increasing insulin secretion 1. heretofore it is increasingly clear that reductions in insulin sensitivity and - cell functions leads to the rise of persona II diabetes 2. The normal pancreatic - cells displaying the remarkable response to nutrients and obesity associated insulin immunity by the hyper secretion of insulin to go for fuel homeostasis. But the cellular shield unable to sustain the cells compensatory response in type II diabetes 3. Although the dress of the metabolic deterioration is unknown, but several hypothesis have been proposed including mitochondrial dysfunction, aerophilic stress, ER stress, and gluco-lipotoxicity 4, 5. Recent studies with intensive investigations suggesting that elevated glucose along with circulating complete fatty acids distributed especially from the intra abdominal fat are the major culprits of insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction 6, 7. But the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of gluco-lipotoxicity contribute to - cell dysfunction and loss in type II diabetes remains debated. A recent observation from experimental, clinical and genetic consequence suggests endoplasmic reticulum was responsible for molecular mechanism of gluco-lipotoxicity which may contribute to - cell dysfunction in type II diabetes 8, 9. In this review, we discussed about the pastime of ER in gluco-lipotoxicity induced - cell dysfunction along with the brief involvement of mitochondria. ER stress response Adaptation to metabolic changes requires the high-pitched regulation and co-ordination of many homeostatic systems, since the quality and quantity of available nutrients does not temporally match their needs. Pancreatic - cells displaying remarkable response to nutrients by the sleep between the anabolic hormone insulin and the catabolic hormone glucagon in say to maintain fuel homeostasis. For an appropriate response, the cells require the development of suitable sensors and signalise molecules, which integrates all these signals into an appropriate insulin secretory rate in order to maintain homeostasis.