Industrial Agriculture Essay

Research Question Should the governments set standards for the viands producing trans depicted object companies to ensure the safety of its citizens and the environment?IntroductionAs a necessary part of human survival, regimen is a human respectable. Sm whole, local family farms were the basics of traditional rural communities and the global food security which was the susceptibility of countries to attain the food they need to survive in a to a greater extent sustainable way. Yet the global food supply is increasingly falling at a lower place the fork out of giant multinational corporations with policies that be not environmentally sustainable. sustainable farming preserves biodiversity, maintains soil fertility and peeing purity, conserves and improves the chemic, corporal and biological qualities of the soil, recycles natural resources and conserves energy. Furthermore, sustainable land aro riding habits diverse forms of towering type foods, fibers and medicine s. Likewise, this dodge respects the ecological principles of diversity and mutually underage and uses the understandings of modern science to improve rather than displace the traditional intuition accumulated over centuries by countless farmers around the world.Although the food industriousness encompasses all those who be involved in growing, processing, manufacturing or distributing food, from the farm to retail shops and restaurants, the threat to human health and the environment is ignored. The major problem is that at that place is not a sustainable agriculture system anymore with the stolon of the Green change in Mexico. Sustainable agriculture is a sham of social and sparing organization establish on an fair and democratic vision of development which recognizes the environment and natural resources as the foundation of economic activity. Agriculture is sustainable when it is ecologically sound, economically possible, culturally appropriate and based on a general sc ientific approach. The global corporatization of agriculture has had bootleg effects on farmers, food security, and the environment. To minimize these effects, governments of the world should set policies for the companies that produce food in gild to protect their citizens health and for a more sustainable environment.Pesticidesindustrial Agriculture contaminates fruits, vegetables and water with pesticides. Pesticides have been known to kick the bucket illnesses and contribute to the emergence of deaths caused by diseases. They seep into the soil which creates contamination of the reduces produced and the nigh water sources. They ar a costly and a time consuming form of insecticides and herbicides to clean. They are used greatly and without proper regulation in the entire agricultural environment. Standards for toxicological and microbiological hazards, and instituting procedures and practices to ensure that the standards are met should be set. In his writings, the Andrew Kimbrell shows evidence more or less this problem, Since 1989, overall pesticide use has risen by about 8 percent, or 60 million pounds(Kimbrell 11). This article was written in 2002. At the present year, 2012, this number has undoubtedly increased. Issues here acknowledge take away of nutrients and pesticides, water extraction and drainage and flooding.Contamination of twain screen background and come to the fore waters caused by high levels of ware and use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers is a serious problem, particularly in areas of livestock or specialized crop merchandise. Agricultural practices have been found to contribute to non-point source water pollutants that include sediments, fertilizers (nitrates and phosphorus), pesticides, and manures. Pesticides from every chemical class have been detected in groundwater and are commonly found in groundwater beneath agricultural areas which are far-flung in surface waters. These reduce the water quality which impacts agricultural production, potable water supplies, and fishery production. The deaths that are caused by chemicals and the risk of crab louse would increase. umpteen popular pesticides appear capable of compromising the bodys ability to fight an infection, an extensive study finds. If true, pesticide use could be a dark killer especially in developing countries, where infections are a track cause of death, says Robert Repetto, vice president of the Washington D.C. based World Resources convey ( WRI) and a co-author of the new report (Science News 1). A liberalist budget system can be developed in order to support research on production of healthy food. Another ancestor is to determine and evaluate the chemicals that exist in the agricultural environment. Certain criteria much(prenominal)(prenominal) as evaluating statistics of illness and death caused by these chemicals, how government officials are ordinance pesticidal use, and establishing alternmative methods of living n eed to be included when evaluating this dilemma.genetically Modified Productsgenetically modified products are not natural and increases the risk of cancer. These products are both plants and animals. For plants, the genetics of the crops are changed in order repel insects and other casteless weeds to increase yield. However, the changing of the genetics make these crops paranormal which is a potential threat to human health. The genetic modification for animals are through in a different way, but it has the same goal as the plants. To meet the need for the unlimited goods, scientists have found ways to every increase the body mass of an animal for more meat or to increase the amount of milk that could be obtained from cattle at an unnatural level. Corporations such as Monsanto not only are in hold up of the crops, but also the dairy industry. Cows are given chemicals to increase production of milk, but the milk causes cancer.In 1994, the FDA approved the sale of Monsantos contr oversial GE recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone (rBGH) injected into dairy cows to force them to produce more milk even though scientists warned that gravely higher levels (400-500% or more) of a potent chemical hormone, Insulin-Like Growth ingredient (IGF-1), in the milk and dairy products of injected cows, could pose serious hazards for human breast, prostate, and colon cancer (Cummins). These chemical hormones are serious risks of cancer. Drinking something natural as milk should not be harmful for a person. If nothing is through with(p) in order to prevent such a dilemma, the risk of cancer would increase for everyone because dairy products are an important part of persons dietary needs. To solve this problem, an independent body of organization can be established which would be authorized to test and develop standards on food production. Also for international organizations developing safety standards to ban any sight agreement which products contain genetically modified su bstances.The Environmental DamageIndustrial agriculture have replaced the family farm practices which were mostly sustainable and also taken an extra toll on the environment that is not reflected in consumer prices. The soon dominant system of industrial agriculture impacts the environment in numerous ways. It uses huge amounts of water, energy, and chemicals, often with little regard to long-term indecent effects. The overexploitation of fertilizers and chemicals, overgrazing, and the unenforced regulation of factory farm dumping of agricultural byproducts such as excrement and pesticides into rivers and streams all damage the quality of air, water, and soil, which are of everyones shared resources. Irrigation systems are pumping water from reservoirs faster than they are being recharged. urine scarcity in many places is due to overuse of surface and ground water for irrigation with little concern for the natural cycle that maintains stable water availability. Toxic herbicide s and insecticides are accumulating in ground and surface waters.Chemical fertilizers are running off the palm into water systems where they generate damaging blooms of oxygen-depleting microorganisms that separate ecosystems and kill fish. In Chesapeake Bay, native sea grasses, fish, and shellfish populations have declined dramatically in number in the last few decades due to highly high nitrogen and phosphorous levels caused by the excessive use of chemical fertilizers(Kimbrell 30). Agricultures environmental impact has grown since farmers became dependent on chemical pesticides and fertilizers. Since the 1950s, fertilizer and pesticide use has increased substantially worldwide. If the hazardous chemicals are overused, the ecological balance in nature would be at risk. some(prenominal) of the negative effects of industrial agriculture extend far from fields and farms.For example, in the United States of America, nitrogen compounds from Midwestern farms, travel down the multiple sclerosis river to damage coastal fisheries and create a large dead regulate in the Gulf of Mexico where aquatic life cannot survive. But other adverse effects are showing up within agricultural production systems themselves with the overuse of herbicides and insecticides which has led to rapidly developing resistance among pests that is rendering these chemicals increasingly ineffective. Agricultures link to global climate change is merely beginning to be appreciated. Destruction of tropical forests and other native flora for agricultural production has a role in elevated levels of vitamin C dioxide and other greenhouse gases. The governments should pass laws that standarizes the use of these chemicals to protect the environment. Laws and regulations on hygienic standards should guarantee high quality and safe food for consumers and the environment.Other stance of the ArgumentThere are also positive sides to the development of industrial agriculture which people such as Norm an Borlaug says that biotech in agriculture will not harm biodiversity. Norman Borlaug, who is the father of the Green Revolution which started in the 1940s was the main starting point of the industrial agriculture we have today. Borlaug claims, If we grow our food and fiber on the land go around suited to farming with the technology that we have and whats coming, including proper use of genetic engineering and biotechnology, we will leave untouched vast tracts of land, with all of their plant and animal diversity (Bailey 6).However, the problems that the Green Revolution or industrial agriculture itself has brought and will bring most indubitably outweigh the benefits. integrity of the core things the Green Revolution has brought was the high-yielding seeds, fertilizers and irrigation projects. Nevertheless, most high-yielding seeds use up more energy to process because most varieties are not resistant to drought and new diseases. This leads to the use of heavy applications of e xpensive fertilizers and pesticides. And then expensive herbicides must(prenominal) be used because fertilizers not only stimulate plant ingathering but also weed growth. These heavy doses of many chemicals end up ruining the soil.This agricultural system is not environmentally sustainable, it only provides copious resources in the short run.ConclusionA number of food control problems are currently being debated at the national and international levels, regarding genetically modified foods, contaminants (including pesticides), irradiation and nutrition labelling. There is an apprehension about the consequences for the quality and safety of the food supply concerning the increasing use of pesticides and drugs, as wholesome as introducing genetically-modified organisms.There are many solutions for this crisis because food is a human right that demands the governments to set national policies to encourage food security. For example, local and diverse production of food should be su pported by the governments and companies to guarantee satisfactory and affectionate nutrition for all citizens. Governments must maintain the ability to pass laws for the national safety of their population to ensure food sovereignty. For governments, there is the need for enforceable standards that are convincing for both consumers and the industry.The industry needs standards that permit tractability and efficiency in producing and marketing foods that will serve their customers because it is important for consumers that food control system provide meaningful protection against real and important hazards. Consumers can play a critical role in creating a sustainable food system. Through their purchases, they send strong messages to producers, retailers and others in the system about what they think is important. Food cost and nutritional quality have always influenced consumer choices. The challenge now is to find strategies that broaden consumer perspectives, so that environment al quality, resource use, and social equity issues are also considered in obtain decisions. Finally, new policies and institution must be created to enable producers using sustainable practices to market their goods to a wider public.Work CitedBailey, Jay. Billions Served Norman Borlaug interviewed by Ronald Bailey. Reason Magazine. April 2000 Cummins, Ronnie. Hazards of Genetically Engineered Foods and Crops Why We Need A Global Moratorium. Motion Magazine. August 29, 1999. http//www.inmotionmagazine.com/geff4.html Kimbrell, Andrew. The cataclysm of Industrial Agriculture. Island Press. 2002Rosset, Peter. Lessons from the Green Revolution Grove Press. April 8, 2000Raloff, Johnathan. Pesticides May quarrel Human Immunity. Science News. 9 March 1996.

Deciding on the Marketing Program Essay

International companies or securities industryers may choose between two alternative approaches in developing its marketing strategies or marketing shamble. These two approaches are a. orbicular Marketing Strategy defines a stock(a) marketing mix and implements it with minimal modifications in all of its domestic and exotic markets. This standard approach saves money because it allows large-scale productionion runs and reinforces the brands image. It can foster collaborative innovation. Through global marketing schema, world(a) firms can effectively market some goods and services to segments in some nations that share cultures and languages.This approach works best for products with strong, universal appeal much(prenominal) as McDonalds and for luxury products that target upscale consumers everywhere. b. Multidomestic Marketing Strategy- assumes the differences between market characteristics and competitive situations in certain nations require firms to customize their ma rketing decisions to effectively r all(prenominal) individual marketplaces. In other words, it is an application of market variance to contrary markets by tailoring the firms marketing mix to match specific target markets in each nation. Keegan has distinguished fin adaptation strategies of product and promotion to a unconnected market (see build below).1. Global Product Strategiesa. Straight Extension introducing the product in the unlike market without any changes. This strategy permits economies of scale in production and marketing, for it involves no additional R&D expense, manufacturing retooling, or promotional modification. Once use successfully, it cerates universal recognition of a product for consumers from artless to country.b. Product Adaptation- involves repair the product to trifle local conditions or preferences. There are several(prenominal) level of adapatations, it could be regional version, country version, city version and retail merchant version. c. Product Invention- consists of creating something new. It can take two forms, rearwards invention and fore invention. It is a costly strategy but the payoffs can be great. i. Backward Invention is reintroducing esrlier product forms that are well adapted to a foreign countrys needs. ii. Forward Invention- is creating a new product to meet a need in another country.2. Global Promotion Strategiesd. talk Adaptation is the process in which a company run the resembling advertising and promotion campaigns used in the home market or change them for each local market. e. Dual Adaptation- is the process in which both(prenominal) the product and communication are being changed for each market/country.3. Global Pricing StrategiesGlobal Firms faces several pricing problems when selling abroad, they must withdraw with price escalation, transfer prices, dumping charges, and gray markets. f. Price Escalation- needs to prepare the marginal cost depending on the added be including the curr ency-fluctustions risks to the products manufacturing plant price inorder to attain the akin profit locally. Because the price escalation varies from country to country, the headway is how to sell the prices in antithetical countries. Companies have three choicesiii. Setting like price everywhereiv. Setting a market-based price in each countryv. Setting a cost-based price in each countryg. Transfer Price- different prices that is being charged to its subsidiary in different countries/market h. Dumping it occurs when a company charges either less than its costs or less than it charges in its home market, inorder to enter or net a market. i. Arms-lenght price the rpice charged by other competitors for the uniform or a similar product j. Gray market it occurs when the same product sells at different prices geographically. 4. Global Place (Distribution conveys)StrategiesMany companies/manufactuers signify their job is done oncethe product leaves the factory, however they shou ld pay attention to how the product moves within the foreign country. They should take a whole-channel view of the problem of distributin products to concluding users. k. Sellers international marketing headquarters- the export department or international division makes decisions on channels and other marketing mix- elements l. Channels between nation- gets the products to the borders of the foreign nation. The decision that is made on this affaire includes the types of intermediaries, type of tranportation, and financing and risk arrangements. m. Channels within foreign nations- gets the products from their entry point to final buyers and users.II. Deciding on the Marketing OrganizationsCompanies repugn their international marketing activities in three ways through export departments, international divisions, or global organization. a. Export Departmentb. International breakdowni. Geographical Organization-each with vice presidents per region and each regional vice presidents has country managers who are responsible for a sales force, sales branches, distributors, and licensees in their various(prenominal) country. ii. World Product Group-each with an international vice president responsible for global sales of each product group iii. International Subsidiaries- each headed by a presidentc. Global OrganizationSeveral firms have proceed truly global organizations, these companies however faces several organisational complexities thus bartlett pear and Ghoshal have proposed circumstances under which different approaches work best. They describe forces that opt global integration versus national responsiveness. They distinguish three organizational strategies d. A gloabl strategy treats the world as single market. e. A transnational strategy treats the world as a portfolio of national opportunities. f. A glocal strategy standardizes certain core elemetns and localizes oter elemets.

She Never Lies

The all last(predicate) in t bug egress ensemble room goes silent. This is what Ive been waiting for.See this is what its kindred at my school, to fit in you either act yourself and if thats good enough youre lucky, if not some heavy sucking up is to be done. And thats what Joanne did.I, myself, Im an prohibitedgoing, semi-confident girl and I c atomic number 18 more or less how I look and appear towards separates. Basically I just wish to beget fun. Now Joanne and I are in the same physical body and check a bit of a giggle now and therefore. We are essentially scoop out friends. Well we used to be anyway.Right, Ill start from the author Joanne was just a shy, self-conscious girl who underestimated herself but was perfect how she was because all her friends, including me, loved her very much. Then they came along. Basically they are the other battalion in our bid club. Most of them are older than we are and virtually of us energize fun and fit in as we are, she w ould as well if she didnt think she had to change herself to be genuine.Ill explain to you what she does, especially just about older guys. See when shes around guys she for contains that any of her girly friends exist and its just like she thinks she doesnt need us around them, just because she likes being the centre of attention. To draw a bead on the older girls to like her she sucks up to them as much as she tolerate its just unbelievable. We, her original friends, hate the new her, and just cannot stand it. die week everyone in the shimmer club were getting all mad because we had been invited to a summer party in the holidays at a guys house. every last(predicate) us girls were planning what to wear and how we should do our hair, blah blah blah, jostle like that. Joanne on the other hand, couldnt care less about our precise girly chats and goes off with the boys yet again, and just abandons us. Now its starting to get out of hand. afterwards a few days of being ignore d I thought I would stand up to her and calmly explain what shes done. She denies it all, takes everything I say the wrong way and puts everything out of proportion and turns everything around so that its all about her. Which it really isnt. I just wish that all her new friends knew what she was really like and what she says about them behind their backs. I fatality to tell them all, but they volition never believe me.To them, she is innocent.Finally Joanne is not in school, probably ill. That means that me and my best best mate, Lucy, get to discourse to our drama club in private at our last get together before the summer. Sorted. The sole(prenominal) problems we could conjure up by doing this is A them believing us, and B them ending up hating us for saying much(prenominal) things about Joanne in the first place. We took that risk and went for it. They didnt seem too detestable they understood our reasoning, and the fact we have known her for longer and we made a partake . They get her drunk at the party and get it all out of her, if not then we are in for complete humiliation. This allow for be interesting.The summer was great just my friends and I. Obviously that didnt include Joanne, she was way too busy doing drama or whatever excuse she could think of. We all knew she was with them. In the end, we just didnt bother calling her to meet up because we knew she would have other arrangements.A few days before the party some of the drama guys asked me, Lucy and some others if we requireed to meet up. They said that it was important plus they hadnt seen us in ages, but we soon realised that was just a etiolated lie to get us to come out. So naturally we accepted and went to the park. It was fun hanging out with everyone again, Friday was looking better and better to me.After I got home from my fun and exhausting day, I find that I am ambushed by texts and calls from Joanne. She was having a go at me for going out with her friends without her. I jus t ignored her because I thought she was being a bit of a hypocrite to be honest, and by that fourth dimension Id had enough. The deal looked more promising by the minute.Its Friday, and I am so intent for tonight to begin. I manage to control myself and go out obtain for a new outfit with Lucy. Clearly that took us all day, so when I got home it was time to make myself gorgeous. It took me just over an minute to get ready, just in time to leave for the center of town to meet my best guy friend, Craig. Somehow we managed to get a weave from the head of drama club, so we were happy.In the car I was so excited it was unbelievable. Throughout the last few day I have been informing everyone of what happened after I met up with Joannes friends, they know everything she said. I calculate its all on for tonight. Ever since all this Joanne malarkey started, Ive never been able to examine why she does it. Why she doesnt just be herself. Whether shes forgotten her old friends, or just forgotten how she used to be. It just doesnt make sense.By the time we arrived, Joanne was already there. Laughing, flirting and just being who she wasnt. I was surprised that she discover Id arrived, oh my mistake she hadnt. The only person she had noticed was Craig, I wanted to bear on her so much. When the other girls arrived we decided to spike all her drinks until she blabs, so from then on her drinks werent all innocent and clean, they had been spiked. Only with a little alcoholic beverage though.Halfway through the night she was completely wasted. This was our opportunity to show everyone what Joannes like, and to have our laugh. One person can only do this stunt, and that person was Daniel. Daniel is the best looking guy in our drama club and absolutely every girl at some point in her life will fancy the pants off him, and for Joanne this was the point in her life. Daniel decided to go with the casual approach, and casually asked her what she thought of drama club and ever yone at the party.The attack had been set off.Once she started she couldnt stop. She thought the girls were bitchy and annoying, and obviously not as good looking as her. The boys were mainly fit but spacious of themselves and have massive egos. So basically, she doesnt like anyone there. Although she surprised me when she said the only people she did like were the girls in her year, i.e. my friends and I, and of course she liked Daniel. She explained that she only hung around with the older guys because she was just a tad bit desperate I couldnt wait until the next day.For the next few days I have to say Joanne was hated by nearly everyone. I felt preferably bad about what me and Lucy did, telling everyone Joanne was evil. In some ways though Im happy because shes started to go back to her old self when she didnt know the drama club, now everyone gets to be friends with the real her. Not that the older people want to be, that would be just me and the girls.After a month or so th e drama club started to warm up to Joanne and her normal self. Future parties will never be able to live up to the drama from that party, it was comme il faut immense. I suppose thats what drama is all about, isnt it?

Critical Evaluation of International Essay

A review of literature on inter subject HRM reveals three opposite risees (Dowling et al. , 1999, p. 2) Comparative, Cross- heathen and multi- matter. Firstly, according to Adler (1997), the early courtes to researching abroad HRM focused on cross-cultural differences and examination of human behaviour from an multinational side. Certainly, research on cross-cultural governingal behaviour has become a conduit for the mind of the dynamics of multicultural domestic and international workplaces within the advent of globalisation.There are different levels of depth psychology within cross-national HRM, national factors, contingent factors and organisational level. Cross-national HRM researchers claim that it is at the levels of national factors and contigent variables that they can make useful contributions through the examination of the impacts of such determinants of HRM policies and practices (Boxall, 1995 Brewster et al, 1996).However, different(a) researchers (Budhwar a nd Sparrow, 1997 Jackson and Schuler, 1995) argue that national factors and contingent variables are not adequate in themselves to provide an understanding of the context-specific nature of HRM practices. It is meaning(a) in that respectfore, to consider analysis of the impact of organisational-level strategies (Budhwar and Sparrow, 1997). Secondly, the comparative approach focuses on similarities and differences in HRM practices within an international context.Undeniably, Budhwar & Sparrow (2002) note that the increase in globalisation of business transactions, the issuance of in the altogether markets such as the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) as well as hyper competitor among organisations at equally the domestic and international level mother been associated with an change magnitude significance and need for comparative human resource anxiety (HRM) studies. As a result, there has been a growing number of studies addressing the configuration of HRM in different national contexts (Budhwar & Sparrow, 2002).harmonize to Rechie, Lee and Quintanilla (2009) one of the most crucial social function of comparative HRM research is to provide managers, principally those working in multinational firms, with specific guidelines concerning how to design and implement an strong HRM system winning into consideration cultural differences especially when their business operation enters into different cultural contexts for example occidental multinationals seeking to do business in China.This notion of being responsive to the context and standardisation of HRM policies and practices has generated controversial but until now critical topics of discussion in comparative HRM, such as the pass on localization versus standardization, and the process of transferring HRM policies and practices across nations (Rechie et al, 2009). The thirdly, multinational approach, tends to focus on HRM practices in multinational organisations. The HRM extant li terature reveals that there are two distinct schools of thought as regards approaches to managing people within MNCs (i) convergence and (ii) remainder.According to Brewster et al. , (2007), the convergence approach is said to be one of the most superior strands in international management research. On the one hand, the convergence approach has three essential assumptions firstly, the ultimate aim in all organisations is to make better writ of execution through high-performance work systems (Brewster, 2001). Secondly, the universal aim of performance improvement can be achieved by using sound and effective management philosophies that hold true despite of differences among national environments (Girgin, 2005).Thirdly, proponents of the convergence approach argue that if local practices are different from these principles, they are expected to be replaced with the one best steering, converging mainly on the American model as the leading industrial economy (Dowling et al. , 19 99). According to Girgin (2005) the imagination of convergence towards the one best way practice has been encouraged and/or supported by the forces of globalisation, which has led to the opening of world markets, deregulation, regional integration and improvements in communication technologies.Although HRM as a field of practice was positive in America, the principles and practices designed for America may not hold for other parts of the world. Barlett and Ghoshal (1989), say that, the main suggestion of the globalisation argument is that nationality factors in the operation of national systems and of companies are no longer influential or important as international companies become trans-national which converge to a new best model.Yes, the IHRM literature shows that because multinational corporations are embedded in their theme institutional environments, they may attempt to transfer home practices to their foreign operations in different cultural environments (Edwards et al. , 1999). However, the field of battle of HRM practices in atomic number 63 (see Brewster et al 2007) suggest that national differences are significant in the design of HRM practices. On the other hand, the divergence approach or contextual persona searches for contextually unique practices and approaches to management, it does not search for evidence of similarities (Brewster, 2001).Within the IHRM literature, the central point of the divergence standpoint is the dissimilarity of policies and applications across different national and regional contexts and tries to understand the particularities of the context with a view to interpret wherefore and how such differences have emerged in these settings (Brewster, 2005). Within the divergence school of thought, there are two distinct approaches to managing human resources in multinational organisations (i) the culturalist and (ii) the institutionalist perspectives. base mainly on Hofstedes (1980) value- found behavioural dimensions a nd concepts of national culture which have made an attempt to explain the influence of culture upon Multinationals behaviour, the culturalist approach has ready widespread acceptance in the IHRM literature. Hofstede (1980) came to a conclusion that culture was the main determinant of the variations in work-related values, attitudes and behaviours among employees and managers within the same organisation, and of the same profession, age, or gender.Hofstede order that there were four dimensions that explained the differences in work-related values and behaviours (i) Individualism and collectivism, (ii) Uncertainty avoidance, (iii) world-beater distance and (iv) Masculinity and femininity According to Girgin (2005), the culturalist approach endeavours to build an understanding of differences in work organisations, managerial behaviour and human resource practices based on attributes of national cultural distinctiveness in terms of values, ideas and beliefs shared out by people in a given society.Under the divergence school of thought, the institutionalist perspective is the second. The main argument of the institutionalist perspective is that national institutional contexts (for example, government systems, training and development systems) play a major role in determining structures and strategies of organisations (Girgin, 2005). According to Girgin (2005), those who support the Institutionalist perspective stress the pressures on companies to acquire and maintain legitimacy in relation to the environment and the way that interlocking practices can bring benefits in particular systemic contexts.This perspective presents itself as a more than comprehensive framework for the comparative study of different national systems (Girgin, 2005). For example, despite the knowledge of the influence of culture on organisational behaviour, HR practitioners cannot simply measure cultural values across their operations and predict behaviour, due cognisance must be given to various institutional contexts.As noted by Dewettinck and Remue (2011) certain practices are shared across or within particular contexts some are distinctive of certain countries some are unique to certain sectors or sections of an organization or even individuals. Without doubt, while each of the above approaches sharpens the focus on some aspects of HRM, it is possible that solely focusing on one aspect may unavoidably, hinder capturing the positive aspects from other perspectives(Mayrhofer and Brewster, 2005). Indeed what appears to be more significant in researching international HRM is the context.According to Dewettinck and Remue (2011) the notion of context and/or focus on contextual factors has been reflected in the cross-cultural embedment of many international HRM studies (Brewster, Mayrhoferand Morley, 2004), in addition, the Globe project which was focused on leadership in like manner reveals that context is important (House and Javidan, 2004). For example, a recent study by Hartmann et al. (2010) of western multinationals operating in China shows that these organisations implement relatively unchanged HRM practices from their home country in their Chinese subsidiaries.The study of Hartmann et al. , reveals that consideration of contextual factors is important in the understanding of HRM practices and the management of people in an international context. As a matter of fact, results of Hartmann et al. s study indicate that, although the Chinese subsidiaries of occidental multinationals were able to implement unchanged HRM practices such as talent management from their headquarters, the practices were not successfully internalised.This demonstrates the significance of national cultures and being responsive to local needs in implementing HRM practices. The example above actually shows that context is an important aspect in researching international HRM regardless of the approach taken. In conclusion, there is indeed something to be learnt from each of the perspectives. Each of the perspectives do make considerable contribution to the understanding of international HRM.

First Principles Of Economics Essay

bargain offs atomic number 18 the costs and benefits obtained by taking a situation decision. great deal off analysis provide with the surpass decision to implement when comparability different activities. Each activity undertaken by an individual has costs and benefits. scarce when the amount of costs and benefits differ and it is the discretion of an individual to determine the best activity to undertake (Krugmanwells, 2008). A trade off involves foregoing integrity activity which has more costs and pursuing an other activity with high benefits. In real life experience, a manufacturer may judge to install a new machine with higher production efficiency.As such, a cost will be incurred to establish the new schema but the benefits of installing new machines supersede the costs. Opportunity costs colligate to the forgone opportunity to undertake a particular activity. Since resources are scarce, a somebody moldiness sacrifice some opportunities so as to pursue other activi ties (Krugmanwells, 2008). For theoretical account, a farmer has many opportunities to grow different crops in his/her farm. However, only one crop can be grown at a particular season. He/she will be forced to grow a particular crop instead of another.Opportunity cost reflects the true grade of producing a particular goodness since it represents the lost opportunities. Marginal analysis provides a person with the appropriate decision about how much of a commodity to produce relative to another. Margin is the amount of one commodity that must be sacrificed to produce another (Krugmanwells, 2008). In the example of a farmer, he may decide to grow different crops on a draw of land such that there are different crops in the farm. exclusively the farmer must decide how much to grow of a particular crop variety. This will be determined by the conditions surrounding the farmer. grocery equilibrium is a situation where both(prenominal) buyers and sellers have agreed. There is no indiv idual buyer or seller at a conk out position. Both parties are satisfied by the commodities and prices at the marketplace place. At equilibrium, there are no opportunities that remain for the individuals to make themselves better than others in the market environment. The buyers and sellers are satisfied by the market conditions since buyers feel that the commodities carry out their needs at particular prices while the sellers feel that the price meets the survey of their products. Market equilibrium exists only when there are no presidential term interventions.A free market situation is the most effective formation since the forces of supply and demand dictate the prices of commodities as well as ascertain the quantity demanded and supplied (krugmanwells, 2008). Source Author From the above diagram, the equilibrium shows intersection surrounded by supply and demand. Market equilibrium shows the quantity of a commodity that the sellers are willing to supply at a given price. It also provides discipline about the quantity of commodities that buyers are willing to buy at a particular price. Government intervenes when market efficiency is not achieved.As the market factors act, they improve the welfare of the people involved by creating systems which satisfy both sellers and buyers. Market inefficiencies occur when one party benefits more at the outgo of the other party. The government intervenes to provide equality and restore market equilibrium. unintentional consequences are the unexpected effects of individual actions in the market. As buyers and sellers interact in the market, they may unintentionally conduct some activities which affect others. An example of unintended consequences is pollution. Reference Krugmanwells (2008). First principles of Economics. worthpublishers

President Wilson Urges Support for Ideal of League of Nations Essay

After the end of groundly concern War One, President Woodrow Wilson sought national support for his idea of a League of Nations. He took his appeal directly to the American people in the summer of nineteen nineteen.The plan for the League of Nations was part of the peace agreement that ended universe War One. By law, the United States Senate would have to voting on the conformity. President Wilson believed the Senate would have to ap attempt it if the American people demanded it. So Wilson traveled across America. He stopped in many places to talk about the need for the League of Nations. He express the league was the hardly hope for world peace. It was the only way to prevent another world war.Wilsons health grew worse during the long journey across the country. He was forced to return to Washington. The Senate was completing debate on the Treaty of Versailles. That was the World War One peace agreement that contained Wilsons plan for the league. It seemed prepare the Senat e would reject the treaty. Too many Senators feared the United States would lose some of its liberty and freedom if it joined the league.Wilson wrote a letter from his sick bed, to the other members of the participatory Party. He urged them to continue debate on the League of Nations. He said a majority of Americans wanted the treaty approved.The Senate Foreign Relations delegation agreed to re-open discussion on the treaty. It searched yet again for a compromise. Wilson refused. He said the treaty must be approved as written. Wilsons unwillingness to compromise helped kill the treaty once and for all. The Senate finally voted again, and the treaty was defeated by seven votes. The treaty was dead. Yet history would prove him correct, and the Second World War would be far more devastating than the first. The debate over the Treaty of Versailles was the central issue in American politics during the end of Woodrow Wilsons administration. It also played a major part in the president ial election of nineteen twenty.

Investigating Bubble Wrap as an Insulator Essay

Apparatus Kettle Water subatomic Plastic Bag What atomic number 18 we acquittance to do? We are going to try for which blither wrap or bag is the best insulator. We are doing this experiment because to prove my research in the hypothesis. We leave test the banging belch wrap, small bubble wrap, a plastic bag and equitable the brand name toilet. To extend the experiment we go forth test the bubbles facing in and come to the forewards of the steel dismiss. This will be used for the thumping bubble wrap and small bubble wrap.1. First we will boil up near body of water in a kettle. 2. Then, we will measure the 140ml in a measuring cylinder. This is because we wont to know how easily fondness energy batch escape by means of the can. 3. We shall pour the 140ml of hot water on the steel can. 4. We will designate a plastic eyelid on top of the can. A thermometer will be put through a pierced hole into the middle of the plastic lid. 5. Later we will measure the temperat ure. 6. As soon as the temperature falls to 84 degree, we will fuck polish off the timing. 7. We will record the temperature every second base for 10 gauzys. later ten minutes the experiment will be done. 8. We will reprise the experiment to find an average temperature for every minute. 9. Finally we well recap this experiment for the big bubble wrap facing in and out of the can, the small bubble wrap facing in and out of the can and the plastic bag around the steel can. We have chosen to start every experiment at 84 degrees because we conceptualize the water whitethorn not r a blame temperatures as high as 90 degrees. For a f var. test we will measure the temperature at every minute to make equal spacing of period between each training of time.ANALYSIS Apparatus Small Plastic Bag Method In my experiment I kept many of the things I was going to do, the same. alone after finding a couple of difficulties in the experiment I had to alter a couple of things. They were The pro cess of measuring the hot water. I anchor out that the temperature of the water decreased rapidly so I could not start the experiment at 84 degrees.So I changed the process of measuring the water. Instead of measuring the water after simmering it up, I measured the water before boiling it up. This meant that I had to put 5ml of extra water in the kettle because a tiny eccentric person of the water would have been evaporated. Inserting to a greater extent water into the steel can. I found out that the steel can was not being filled to the top. This meant that the air between the lid and water had been transferring stir up energy by convection. I stopped this by adding 10 extra millilitres of water into the steel can. underweightdown In my results table I have observed that the big bubble wrap was the best insulator. The small bubble wrap was a worse insulator than the big bubble wrap and although the plastic bag was the crush insulator, it was the best insulator. The results of the experiment with no covering on the steel can did not fit the graph. This is because the graph assigned that the experiment with no covering on the steel can was a good insulator. I would have plan that no covering on the steel can would have helped the heat energy escape.The only explanation for why the graph showed that the experiment was a good insulator is that a big, thick object would have been well(p) the steel can preventing from escaping so easily. In my prediction, I said that the big bubble wrap would be the best insulator. This is because there is a push-down list gas in each bubble preventing heat energy from escaping so easily. The atoms in a gas are little and very distribute out which makes the vibration of one atom to another very hard. I also said that the plastic bag was a good theatre director because the heat energy only had go through the steel can and plastic bag.There was not much gas between the steel can and plastic bag unneurotic because the plas tic bag was close to the steel can. Heat energy can go through a solid easily by conduction because the atoms are close together making the vibrating of each atom easy. This theory has been proved by my results and graph. I decided to record the temperature at every minute in each the experiment, because indeed I would have a wide range of results of the temperature decreasing. valuation There were well-nigh things that were not fair which made the experiment go wrong a little. They were-1. The schooling of the temperature. Sometimes I would not reading the temperature because the marks on the thermometer were squashed together so I could not read the numbers so easily. If I had a high-tech piece of equipment (e. g. a computer) then I could connect a thermometer to the computer and alone read the temperature off the computer. 2. The reading of the temperature APPROXIMATELY every minute. Most of the time I could not read the temperature exactly every minute. Sometimes I was read ing the temperature before the minute and sometimes after the minute.This effected my results because some results read the same and some had a big decrease (like the invest at the orange circle). I could get solve this problem by also using a computer and connecting a stopwatch to it so the temperature could be given at exactly every minute. 3. The round off of a number after being read. Many of the numbers that I read were not whole numbers. So I had to result to rounding the number off. This effected my results because over again some results read the same and some had a big decrease.If the thermometer had smaller marks telling you the numbers then I could have precise results. We could result to using a computer. I was not happy with my results with my results for no covering at 1 minute (marked orange circle) because of all the reasons above. These reasons are why my graph a microchip out of shape. Although my graph was not accurate, my results were reliable to prove my pr ediction. My results clearly show that the big bubble wrap was the best insulator (and a toughened conductor) and the experiment with the bag was the worst insulator (and a good conductor).I could make my results better by repeating the whole experiment again but this time using all the suggested I have given. If I were to do this then I would get the accurate results and prove that the experiment without covering would be the worst insulator. I would do the experiment tether or four times to get a better and more reliable average. My results are not sufficient to prove my conclusion. I think I would have to do the experiment with no covering again to at least make my conclusion right.

Management of technology Essay

Explain the terminal figure Technofact. How send word it be employ to nail d have Technology, and Management of Technology? Explain the set and good of the term Technofact, comp ard to different expositions and common agreement active engineering science. Explain the weaknesses, missing elements, and contradictions in this term. Technofact is a reproducible target argona created by humans. By reproducible I bring up to any product (tangible or virtual) of which the intention of its human creator was to crystalize to a greater extent of exactly the same, using the same methodology.Once weve defined technofact, we are able to focus the term engine room around this entity, and to define it as the capability of creating technofacts (or the human capability of creating reproducible objects). Technology is not the skillful object itself however rather the capability of creating it everyplace on oer again. Other fields of science concentrate on understanding and congrega tion knowledge around the entity that is in the center of the science in dubiety while the engineering science science is a capability, which is more than merely an understanding.On top of the knowledge ga in that respectd, the term encapsulates the creation itself, the know-how. The different aspects of the means to tack together that capability ought to be coordinated and managed, thus, management of technology can plainly be defined if we separate the term technology from the objects, the technofacts, as nonpareil can not manage objects. Most of the traditional definitions of the term technology are each inaccurate or too broad. Inaccurate when the definition list to objects (tools, products) as the technology itself.Too broad when the definition refer to any human activity (van Wyk), which might include forms of art that can not be considered as a technology. other broad come along can be found in definitions that consider any temperament manipulation as a technology (i s navigation by stars a technology? ). There are three grimaces in which I square up difficulty with the term technofact as the central entity that technology pass outs with 1. When the product has an contractable ergodic element Consider a computer program that creates random melodies (or drawings) pleasant to the human ear (or eye), based on some numeric rules.The program itself is ostensibly a virtual technofact, simply are the wise melodies or drawings created by it can also be considered technofacts? Obviously, they are universe created over and over again using the same technology, but distributively duration the program produces something different. 2. When the product is a natural object or resource For example in agriculture. Carrots cannot be considered technofacts, but there is obviously a technology to grow gondola carrots. The tools which are substance abused in the surgical operation (a plow or a combine) are technofacts, which farmers use to produce the rake itself, but they are not the reproducible product the technology deals with.Another examples can be mining technologies. The end product is the extracted material, which can not be considered a technofact. 3. When the product is an action For example, the capability to lift wakeless weights. A crane is a technofact, but it is not the reproducible object this specific technology enable to reproduce. The reproducible object in this case is not an object but rather an action. What is a Technology-Based Organization? represent an example for a TBO and non-TBO. Can a company be a TBO for a limited clipping? Explain and give an example.A technology based organization is an organization that uses technology to create economic value or to create a competitive business advantage over other competing organizations. The organization can be continuously pursuing technical betterments, manufacturing technofacts or both. This kind of an organization will be perpetu eachy considered a TB O. On the other hand a non-TBO organization can perform one for a limited time, if it co-ordinateds a in the raw technology to improve its processes, thus creating an advantage over its competitors.During the process of assimilating the technology and the time that takes other players to use the same technology, a non-TBO organization can be considered a TBO, as it creates economic value using technology. Consider an complex number traditional dairy that used to produce milk in the old(a) milking fashion, using the farmers hands and a big benignant bucket. At some point the farmer fixed to acquire a milking machine from his engineer friend that had recently established a milking equipment grind using his make inventions.The farmer installed the machine in his farm and taught his cod how to use it, so he can peacefully retire. During the next coupling of years, the farmers kid gained an advantage over his neighbor farmers, bought more cows, made a small fortune and establi shed a revolutionary dairy company (which he called aft(prenominal) his dad). Few years later, after all the other farmers had done the same, the farmers kid decided to install digital thermometers in the dairy (acquired from the very same milking equipment factory), and became the principal milk provider to the entire region, with the reputation of having the freshest milk around.Again, achieving an economic advantage using new technology. This dairy had become a TBO for short periods of time during its existence, while the milking equipment factory that had invented and manufactured the machinery was a TBO throughout the years. Explain the term White Spaces in the context of technological innovation. How could this term be used in an organization to help planning and decision making about innovation? White spaces are the two optional gaps between technologies and applications. The graduation exercise gap exists when there is a need in the market but no solution to match it.The second gap takes place when there is a technology out there that has the capability to produce a technofact that no one knows what to do with. A technofact that did not yet descry the ultimate product it enables (where theres a way but there is no will). Innovative organization can either fill up the first gap by pursuing new technologies to match the unanswered market needs, or they can focus their efforts around understanding the potential of existing technologies and to use them to develop new advanced applications.Outlines the dangers and risks associated with rapid technological development to night club and individuals. Are you pessimistic or optimistic about it? What can and should we do as a society and as individuals to benefit from technology and avoid the risks. The dangers and risks that rapid emerging technologies incorporate can come in many ways, shapes and forms according to the technology domain.From the neglect of privacy through health jeopardizing, moral iss ues and mass destruction weapons, they all have one thing in common the rate of the technology adoption and development has become faster than the rate of the ability to comprehensively understanding its implications. Successful technologies are spreading swiftly, acquiring life of their own and forcing people to use them in order to survive in the fresh society. Even if a certain individual decides to rebel and not to use a specific technology directly, it still might change the environs this person lives in, to affect and endanger im just the same (e. g. cellular phones).The resort of freedom inflicted by some technologies is a big price of its own that society and individuals have to pay. History tells us that panic from new technologies had evermore existed, and we are probably experiencing the same unjustified fear of the unknown that the car inflicted on society a hundred years ago. But the line of work with history is that it can only explain the past, while the present is unlike anything humanity imagined before.I dont believe that governmental regulations aiming to leap technology can work in the long run, but in order to control at least some of the risks, governments should cooperate globally on some issues to regulate technologies similar to the way new medicines and drugs are treated. As individuals, we must take responsibility for our health and moral values, to deal with it at all times among ourselves, to be aware of the risks we are taking and not to become blind addicts for anything new. Still, Im pessimistic as for the capability of mankind to do that and overcome its basic selfish nature.

Becoming a Business Accountant Essay

assembly line Accountant help to ensure that the countrys firms are tryout efficiently, its taxes are paid on time and its public records stay accurate. Accountants asseverate a wide variety of business and accounting go. Some of these services are public, management and government accounting. Their main tasks are preparing, analyzing, and verifying pecuniary documents in order to provide information to clients. Many accountants are demand to fool a lot of skill and knowledge. Most accountant officiate in an office, however those that are self-employed may be fitting to do part of their forge at home. Accountants who are employed by public accounting firms and government agencies sometime have to travel a lot to perform audit at branches of their firm, clients places of business, or government facilities.Usually accountants work about a 40-hour week, but most work longer peculiarly if they are self-employed and have many clients. Most accountant arrangement requires at l east a bachelors degree in accounting or a related field. Beginning accounting positions in the Federal Government requires 4 years of college including 24 semester hour in accounting or an equal amount of education and experience. Also concrete knowledge of computers and their applications in accounting is a good thing to have for job seekers in accounting field. People who want a line of achievement in accounting should have a skill in math and be able to analyze, compare, and interpret facts and figures quickly. They must be able to slip by the results of their work to clients.

Plato and Justice with Today’s Perception Essay

Platos Justice for individuals and verbalizes, and the rule of practice of law. In the Republic, Plato posits that justice is prefer fitting to injustice. Thrasymachus claims that injustice without resort hotel or consequence is the some rewarding experience. Glaucon adds the analogy of the ring of Gyges, and Adeimantus describes how fashion is often more important than reality. Plato is hence(prenominal) faced with the rebuttal of their arguments. To see the light his logic, he utilizes several interrelated geometrical models that tie the virtue of the nous and the functions of individuals, classes, and put ins together.Through these models he illustrates the organic conservative argument whitherby the individual is the microcosm of the soul, and the state is a macrocosm of the soul. Plato asserts that if justice is good for the state, and the individual is analogous to the state, thusly justice is good for the individual. Given that justice on the state take aim was a w idely meeted concept in Athens, it was more effective for Plato to utilize this particular syllogism to prove his point to Thrasymachus.Plato ?s argument is plainly valid if he can prove that justice is good for the bon ton or state, and that the organic conservative argument is admittedly. In type The Philosopher Kings ease up the highest virtue in wisdom. To become wise they mustiness gain noesis of the ultimate good through the normals. The anatomys are objects of knowledge, which sit atop a geometric progression which must be traversed in a e bulkyate fashion. The first level of knowledge contains images, shadows, pictures, desires, and emotions. Belief exists in the visible realm, where cognizance of objects provides the basis for belief.Contemplation of simple mathematical Forms yields linear reasoning. The final symbolize is the comprehension of the Forms and the capacity within sympathetic nature to comprehend the true nature of reality. Here the philosopher king s become aquianted with the concepts of equality, beauty, truth, and the Form of the ultimate good. These rulers must admit their knowledge in best method of g everyplacening possible. In particular, they must promote utmost efficiency of every participating individual in the state, as well as maintaining justice.Plato best describes his argument here As in a well-organized state, the justice of an individual human being emerges exactly from the interrelationship among its separate comp wizardnts (Republic 443d). The application program of Plato? s model of g everywherenment in the early Middle Ages was currently lacking, The working of the separate components of the Christian state was far from fluid. The presage line of rulers rarely had any knowledge of the Form of the Good like Plato is philosopher kings. Knowledge of the Form of the Good is essential to the application of Platos republic.Thus the logical progression towards a rule of law method scarce leaves one asking wh y it besidesk so long to make that change. Certainly the kings and the papacy were aware of the inflexibility of a Romanesque and Platonic rule of law, but this was still a vast improvement over the biases and inefficiencies of the early statesman like kings. I would argue that a despotical model of government offers the best true description of what was practiced by early Christian mediaeval governments in Europe.In early medieval politics, the republic method of rule by statesman was the preferred Form of governance. The royal families constituted the effectual guardian class. The power to rule was establish on a perceived line of divinity, which often received brass from the Catholic Church and the Papacy. Pagan undertones and cordial structures in Germanic communities withal contributed to an environment of superstition and strict adherence to the ideal of Christianity, particularly the divine lineage and rights to rule.This is evidenced in the reluctance in medieval mult iplication to look for a king outside of the divine line however when the line offered no suitable rule It has been objected that hypothetical equalizements can non bind tidy sum only actual contracts or agreements can impose obligations and commitments (Dworkin, 1977, 150ff). In response, Rawls says that the OP is to be used to help us work out what we now prize (CP, 402) it incorporates conditionswe do in fact accept, (TJ 587/514) and is a kind of thought experiment. for the settle of public- and self-clarification (JF, 17).Hypothetical agreement in the original position does non then bind anyone to duties or commitments he/she does not already have. Its point earlier is to explicate the demands of incorrupt concepts of justice and enable us to draw the consequences of considered certain moral convictions that we all presumably share. Whether we in turn consciously accept or agree to these consequences and the principles and duties they implicate once brought to our awaren ess is irrelevant to their justification.For sure enough it can matter little to the justification of moral principles whether or not existing tribe actually do accept or agree to them. The point rather of conjecturing the outcome of a hypothetical agreement is that, anticipate that the premises underlying the original position correctly represent our most deeply held considered moral convictions, then we are committed to endorsing the resulting principles and duties whether or not we actually accept or agree to them. Not to do so implies a failure to live up to the consequences of our own moral convictions to the highest degree justice.For example, suppose principles of justice were to impose a duty to practice unbiassed benevolence among all people, and thus a duty to show no greater concern for the welfare of ourselves and loved ones than we do towards billions of others. This principle demands too much of human nature and would not be feasiblepeople simply would reject its onerous demands. But Rawlss stability requirement implies more than just ought implies can. It says that principles of justice and the scheme of social cooperation they describe should convey stability for the right reasons (PL, xliii CP, 589).Recall here the higher-order interests of the parties in the illustration and development of their capacities for justice. A just society should be able to endure not simply as a modus vivendi, by coercive enforcement of its viands and its promoting the majority of peoples interests. Stability for the right reasons requires that people support society for moral reasons of justice societys basic principles must respond to conjectural persons capacities for justice and engage their sense of justice.Rawls regards our moral capacities for justice as an constituent(a) part of our nature as sociable beings. He believes that one social function of a pattern of justice is to accommodate human capacities for sociability, the capacities for jus tice that enable us to be cooperative social beings. So not only should a conception of justice advance human interests, but it should in any case answer to our moral psychology by enabling us to knowingly and willingly exercise our moral capacities and sensibilities, which are among the moral powers to be reasonable.This is one way that Rawlss conception of justice is ideal-based (CP 400-401 n. ) it is based in an ideal of human beings as free and equal moral persons and an ideal of their social relations as acceptable and justifiable to them (the ideal of a regular society). This relates to the second ground for the stability condition, which can only be mentioned here it is that principles of justice should be compatible with, and even conducive to, the human good. It speaks potently in favor of a conception of justice that it is compatible with and promotes the human good.First, if a conception of justice requires of many reasonable people that they go across up their pursu it of the particular interests that constitute their conception of the good (as Rawls argues against utilitarianism), this conception could not gain their support and would not be stable over long periods of time. Moreover, assuming that the exercise and development of the moral powers are thoroughgoing interests of citizens, a conception of justice should enable citizens to adequately exercise and full develop these capacities.It must then engage their sense of justice, and (ideally for Rawls) they should be able to find that acting on and from principles of justice is worth doing for its own interest group.. For Rawls, it speaks strongly in favor of a conception of justice if acting for the sake of its principles is experienced by citizens as an activity that is good in itself. For then justice and exercise of the sense of justice are for those persons intrinsic goods and a precondition for their living a good life..

Alternative Obligation Essay

GENERAL RULE The remunerate to occupy belongs to the debitor/ obligor Except When the right has been expressly granted to the creditor accountability of resource of debitor non absolute. LIMITATION ON THE DEBTORS weft (1) The debitor cannot hire those prestations which ar (a) impossible , (b) unlawful ,or (c) which could not buzz off been the object of the arrangement. (2) Only hotshot prestation is practicable (3) The debitor cannot tell apart bug out of 1 prestation and part of another prestation. (Art 1199) Communication of notice that option has been do * The debtor must consider and communicate his weft to the creditor.* The preference agreement will be reborn into a bargon(a) obligation * The deduction and form of notice may be made by by word of mouth or in writing, expressly or implied. Effect when exactly hotshot is practicable * The debtor loses his right of choice when only one option prestation is practicable of exerciseance. When debtor may rescind contract * If the debtor could not make a choice delinquent to the creditors act of do prestations impossible, debtor may RESCIND the contract with damages. Rescission creates the obligation to devolve the social occasions which were the object of the contact together with their fruits, and the price with its interest.* If the debtor is being pr publicationed to consider only a particular prestation, and there are other available, he is free to choose from them, after notifying the creditor of his decision The effects of divergence or impossibility of the utility(a) prestation BEFORE the right of choice is exercised. * Once the debtor has communicated his choice of alternate prestation to be performed to the creditor, the obligation becomes uncomplicated * If the chosen alternative is alienated without the shortcoming of the debtor, the obligation will be extinguished.* If the chosen alternative is unconnected due to the rift of the debtor, the obligation w ill be converted into monetary consideration in the form of damages. * Effect if one or some of the alternative prestations in the alternative obligation are disordered BEFORE the debtor has communicated his choice to creditor * The consequence will really wager upon whether the right of choice was addicted to the debtor or to the creditor. A. When the right of choice belongs to the DEBTOR * If the injury is due to FORTUITOUS EVENT a) If all alternative prestation are lost, the alternative obligation extinguished.(Article 1174) b) If two or more(prenominal) alternative prestations remain, the debtor can still exercise his right of choice and choose from any remaining alternative prestation(Article 1200) c) If only one of alternatives remain, there is no more alternative obligation but only a simple obligation. * If spill is due to DEBTORs FAULT a) If all the alternative prestation are lost, the alternative obligation is converted into monetary consideration as redress for dam ages. The basis for the computation of the amount to be paid by the debtor will be the value of the last thing or service lost cocksure damages.b) If two or more of alternative prestation remain, the debtor can still exercise his right of choice and choose from any of the remaining alternatives (ART 1200) c) If only one alternatives remain, there is no more alternative obligation but only simple obligation. B. When the right of choice belongs to the CREDITOR * If the loss is due to a FORTUITOUS EVENT The effect s are the same as where the right of choice belongs to debtor * If the loss is due to DEBTORS FAULT a. If all the alternative prestations are lost, the alternative obligation is converted into monetary consideration as indemnity for damages.The basis for the computation of the amount to be paid by the debtor will be the value of any of object chosen by the creditor (because he is inclined the right of choice) plus damages. b. If two or more prestations remain, the obligatio n is still alternative . The creditor has the option to either b. 1 choose from among the remaining alternatives b. 2 chose the lost object. The debtor will be past liable for the value of lost object chosen by the creditor plus the damages. FACULTATIVE OBLIGATION.* is one where only one prestation has been concord upon but the obligor may generate another in surrogate * The right of choice belongs only to the DEBTOR * Once the exchange is made, the obligation is converted into a simple one to deliver or perform the replenishmentd prestation. * The substitution also becomes good only from the time the debtor communicates to creditor his choice to perform the substituted prestation. Alternative and Faculative arrangements Distinguised The differences are as follows 1) Number of prestations Alternative- several prestation are due but conformation with one is sufficient.Faculative- only one prestation is due although the debtor is allowed to substitute 2) Right of choice Alte rnative- the right of choice may given to creditor or thirdly person Faculative- the right to make substitution is given only to the debtor 3) passing finished a fortuitous event Alternative- the loss of one or more by means of a fortuitous event does not extinguish the obligation Faculative- the loss of the thing due extinguishes the obligation 4) Loss through recess of debtor a) Alternative- the loss of one through the fault of debtor does not render him liable.Faculative- the loss of the thing due through his fault makes him liable b) Alternative- where the choice belongs to the creditor, the loss of one alternative through the fault of the debtor gives rise to liability. Faculative- the loss of the substitute before substitution through the fault of the debtor does not render him liable. Effect on loss of the thing in Facultative Obligation BEFORE renewal * The debtor is not liable if the substitute prestation is lost whether due to his fault or to a fortuitous event. * If the original prestation is lost by celibacy of a fortuitous event, the obligation is extinguished.AFTER replenishment * The debtor is not liable if the original prestation is lost whether due to his fault or to a fortuitous event. * If the substitute is lost, the liability of the debtor depends upon whether or not the loss is due to his fault. FACULTATIVE OBLIGATION * is one where only one prestation has been agreed upon but the obligor may render another in substitution * The right of choice belongs only to the DEBTOR * Once the substitution is made, the obligation is converted into a simple one to deliver or perform the substituted prestation.* The substitution also becomes effective only from the time the debtor communicates to creditor his choice to perform the substituted prestation. Alternative and Faculative Obligations Distinguised The differences are as follows 5) Number of prestations Alternative- several prestation are due but compliance with one is sufficient. Facula tive- only one prestation is due although the debtor is allowed to substitute 6) Right of choice Alternative- the right of choice may given to creditor or third person Faculative- the right to make substitution is given only to the debtor 7) Loss through a fortuitous event.Alternative- the loss of one or more through a fortuitous event does not extinguish the obligation Faculative- the loss of the thing due extinguishes the obligation 8) Loss through fault of debtor c) Alternative- the loss of one through the fault of debtor does not render him liable Faculative- the loss of the thing due through his fault makes him liable d) Alternative- where the choice belongs to the creditor, the loss of one alternative through the fault of the debtor gives rise to liability. Faculative- the loss of the substitute before substitution through the fault of the debtor does not render him liable.Effect on loss of the thing in Facultative Obligation BEFORE SUBSTITUTION * The debtor is not liable if t he substitute prestation is lost whether due to his fault or to a fortuitous event. * If the original prestation is lost by virtue of a fortuitous event, the obligation is extinguished. AFTER SUBSTITUTION * The debtor is not liable if the original prestation is lost whether due to his fault or to a fortuitous event. * If the substitute is lost, the liability of the debtor depends upon whether or not the loss is due to his fault.

Characters, events and themes in ‘Of Mice and Men’ Essay

John Steinbeck uses animal imagery to express and introduce characters, events and composings in Of Mice and Men. Steinbeck also uses constitution, to convey events and settings in a subtle way.In slit one of Of mice and Men Steinbeck uses various colours to help the lecturer escort the clearing as a tranquil and peaceful place. By describing the Salinas River as deep and green the reader instantly envisages the water to be refreshing, swart and untouched. In addition, Steinbeck suggests that the clearing is full of sunlight The water is warm too, for it slipped radiate over the yellow sands. Yellow, in this context, is braceing because the words warm and flare are used before it. Steinbeck also uses alliteration to create a calm and peaceful atmosphere s pop outh of Soledad, the Salinas River. The repetition on the dims sound is calming and subtle. Steinbeck repeats this technique the water is warm too. As with thes sound, the soft w is calming.In this setting of absolute calm and serenity, Lennie and George are introduced. Steinbeck uses extensive animal imagery to describe Lennie dragging his feet in the way a bear drags his paws. This gives the printing process that Lennie is large and cumbersome. up to now, the main terra firma that Steinbeck uses this form of imagery in describing Lennie is to portray him as amoral and therefore around child- kindred. This means that later on in the novel, the reader will let in that Lennie is blameless and also innocent.In contrast, section two begins with a really different description of conditions at the bunk house. The walls are white washes. This gives the impression that the bunk house is plain and dull. Most get ons are wood and unrouged suggesting that everything is built for a practical purpose and that no thought has been format into decoration. In addition, even the sunlight is described negatively the sun threw a b obligation dust-laden bar through one of the side windows. This makes the s unlight come along dirty, like grey dust, which is at a vast disparity to the sunlight in section one, that is golden. The only reference to nature in section 2 is the use of a simile In and out of the beam flies shot like rushing stars. On the sur pose this simile seems pleasant, the flies represent nature and shooting stars are cognise to be lucky. Also the busy flies may remind the reader of the itinerant workers that come and go. However, this simile does have sinister connotations, suggesting that something is rotten on the ranch Hinting that death and destruction will follow in this novel.The theme of animals is also used to depict deep friendship when Candys dog is callously killed Id put the gun right here he pointed with his toe Carlson is arrogant and insensitive causing glasss to reveal one of the deepest friendships in the novel The old populace squirmed uncomfortably. Well hell I had him so long. Had him since he was a pup. I herded sheep with him He said proudly, Y ou wouldnt believe it to look at him now, further he was the best damn sheep dog I ever seen.The fancy is a key theme throughout Of Mice and Men. This dream is surprisingly mere(a) and based on happy memories of Georges childhood An wed advance a few pigeons to go flying aroundlike I done when I was a kid.George is sometimes reluctant to repeat the dream. However once he gets into his stride the poetry of his language demonstrates that the dream is fair(a) as important to him as it is to Lennie The cream so god midst you got to cut it with a knife and eat it with a spoon. The dream is finally what binds Lennie and George together, keeping them focused and determined to work. This relates to animals and nature because all that Lennie and George want is to take in there own land and livestock this will set them free, like a bird.In section 3 a fight amidst Lennie and Curley takes place. Curly unexpectedly focuses his aggression on Lennie Then Curleys cacoethes exploded. Come on, ya big bastard. Steinbeck instantly lets the reader know that Lennie is innocent by describing him as helpless and comparing him to an innocent and amoral lamb Lennie covered his face with his huge paws and bleated in terror. Steinbeck uses the comparison between Lennie and animals, in this situation to intend that his actions arent done out of anger or spite unless out of instinct and fear. During the fight Curly description changes dramatically from a terrier to a fish on a line implying that he is helpless, dangerous and at Lennies mercy The next minute Curley was flopping like a fish on a line.In the last section of the novel, a poignant comparison is made using wildlife. A water serpent glided smoothly up the pool, twisting it periscope head from side to sideA silent head and beak lanced down and plucked it out by the head, and the beak swallowed the little snake while its tail waved frantically. Steinbeck uses this metaphor to emphasise that Lennies death is fate, ju st like nature.In conclusion, Steinbeck relays back to nature and wildlife to subtly describe a situation, theme or character. This allows the reader to localize with the novel and understand situations more clearly and deeply.

Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 8

I found Damon dancing with Hilda, ushering her most the t line of descent the light fantastic floor with the lightest touch. Wherever his fingers touched she bent, curling into him a trifle to a greater extent than was acceptable and falling against him more than was necessary. Other girls looked on enviously, clearly hoping to bounce with him next. He pretended to devote all his attention to the poor girl, constitutionally glanced up sound massive full to shoot me a daze smile.I waited impatiently for the dance to end, wishing I could compel the musicians to stop. further whatever Damons powers of compulsion, mine were severely lac powerfulness thanks to my meager diet.As soon as the last beat was played, I marched up to my brother.Oh, Im sorry, did you relish to ? he asked, innocently, indicating Hilda. Because Im sure she will. If youd like her to.Hilda studied her dance card, the picture of confusion.Lets go get a drink, I said, taking him by the elbow.Exactly what I was believeing, he agreed, sc absent-seriously. He snapped his fingers, as if at a dog. Hilda ?Leave her al angiotensin-converting enzyme, I ordered.Damon rolled his eyes. Fine. A waiter will do scarcely as well. however he allowed me to stern an iron grip on his artillery and guide him through the crowd, past the refreshment room, through a program library and into a poorly lit study.What the hell are you doing here? I de human raceded the moment we were alone.Trying to enjoy myself, Damon said, throwing his hands up in mock exasperation. He dropped his accent immediately. Did you see the spread? The salmons from Scotland. And Adelina Patti is here, too Father would lead fair(a) died. Oh wait. He snapped his fingers. He did die. You murdered him, in event.Only aft(prenominal) he tried to kill us, I pointed out, clenching my fists.Correction after he succeeded in shooting both of us. Were dead, brother. Damon grinned at me.He was circling me. Casually, as if he didnt mea n to, as if he was just walking around idly, do conversation while admiring the decor. It reminded me of how hed paced the ring at the circus keep going in New siege of Orleans, when Gallagher had forced him to fight the mountain lion. Damon picked up a venial statuette and turned it oer in his hands, but his eyes stayed locked on mine. I squared my shoulders, feeling the predators response as he challenged my person-to-person space.Im asking you again, Damon What are you doing here?Same social occasion as you, brother. outset a new life sentence, far from mob, and war, and tragedy, and all of those other things immigrants like us are escaping. New York is where the action is. I write in coded if its good enough for my brother, its good enough for me, too.So you did hail me, I said. How?You stink, Damon said. Dont act strike Its not just you. Everyone stinks. Were hunters, Stefan. About half charge up the coast, it wasnt hard to figure out where you decided to go after Ne w Orleans. I just made sure I got here first. There isnt a select tho that can beat me on a horse. Well, several horses. A couple of them died of exhaustion. exchangeable your poor, poor Mezzanotte. wherefore, Damon? I said, ignoring his casual cruelty. wherefore follow me here?Damons eyes narrowed and a flash of rage throw through them, exploding from the hidden depths of his soul.I told you I was going to torment you for the infinity you blessed me with, Stefan. Did you think I would break my promise so chop-chop?I was used to Damons fits of pique. His anger had always been like a summertime storm, quick and violent, causing damage to anyone or anything nearby and therefore it was over and he was buying a round at the tavern. just now this wildness was new, and it was all because of me.I averted my eyes so he couldnt see the suffering and guilt written there. What do you want with Lydia? What does she arouse to do with anything?Ah, Lydia, Damon sighed, infusing his jun cture with pretend longing. Charming, isnt she? Definitely the best catch of the three sisters. Not that Margaret doesnt have her own charms, of form, but shes a bit sarcastic for my tastes, and, well, married. He agitate his head. But then theres Bridget. such(prenominal) a lively girl Such verve anyone seen Stefan? As if on cue, we could both pick out her whining, girlish soprano from four rooms away. and such an irritating voice, Damon faultless, wincing. First thing I would do, brother, is compel her to silence. Youd be doing the world a favor.I seize my jaw. You were obviously involved with the Sutherlands long before we crossed paths here.Oh was I? Damon asked. He put down the small statue he had been holding and turned it this way and that on the desk, as if deciding which way it looked best. Poor girl was acquire soaked did she tell you the story? She loves it. For all of her pretending to be hard-nosed, shes a weak-kneed romantic as bad as the rest of them. A sudden storm out of nowhere, a dry cab for Lydia loaded, rich Lydia with a sheltered upbringing and open, welcoming family.Oh, you are a traverse of subtlety. Controlling mens fates, I said, rolling my eyes at Damons preening.I am a master. Who do you think left Bridget for you to find? he demanded. He stuck his face toward my own so that our noses almost touched. Who do you think wounded her just enough for poor, old, predictable Stefan to find? Stefan, whos sworn away drinking from humans, who I just knew would rescue the damsel in distraint rather than finish her off.A cold chill crept up my spine.And then of course I compelled the entire family to welcome you and do you in, he finished with a careless wave of his hand, as if it had been nothing.A sense of patience and understanding flooded my body. Of course he had compelled the family. The Sutherlands easy acceptance of me into their home had rankled me, and I should have realized earlier that something was hugely amiss. How d id a man of Winfields stature let a stranger, a vagrant, into his home, and never ask anything just about his family or acquaintances? A man of his kind of wealth had to be diligent about whom he allowed to get close. And Mrs. Sutherland she was such a cautious mother, yet she allowed me to escort her and her daughter on a walk in the park. though this was hardly the time, I couldnt help but wonder if her seeming meat for me had been true, or if it all had been due to Damons Power.What do you want, Damon? I asked again. Here we were, back in the thick of it, but this time I understood just how dangerous my brother was and just how far hed go to get revenge on me.Nothing terrible, Stefan he said, grinning and stepping back, throwing his hands in the air. But think of it Me with Lydia wrapped around my finger. You with the adoring Bridget. Well marry the sisters and, just as you always hoped, well be brothers again for eternity or at least as long as they live.Im not marrying Br idget, I blurted out.Yes, you are, Damon said.No, Im not, I repeated. Im loss New York. Tonight.You are staying here and marrying Bridget, Damon said, coming to within an inch of my face, or I will start to kill all the people in this place, one by one.He was deadly serious, all traces of cavalier, joking, devil-may-care Damon gone. The smoldering anger was back.You cant do that, I growled. Even you arent strong enough to take down an entire ballroom.Oh really? He snapped his fingers over his shoulder. A wetnurse appeared from the next room, as if waiting for his signal. She already had a kerchief tied around her neck from where he had fed on her previously. He gestured with his chin at the window, and she gamely went over and began to unbolt the latches.I can compel Bridget and her entire stupid entourage in there to go jump off a balcony, Damon growled.I dont believe you, I said as sedately as I could. Only Lexi seemed able to control more than one person at once. And Damon was nt nearly as old as she.Or I can stalk them one by one and rip their throats out, he offered instead. It makes no difference to me.The maid stepped up onto the sill and began to climb onto the rail.Bastard, I murmured, rushing over to grab the poor girl before she killed herself. catch up with out of here, I growled at her, unsure if I was compelling her or not. Suddenly she looked confused and scared, the spell broken. She bolted out of the room, sniffling.why? I demanded when she had gone. Why do you want to marry Lydia? Why is it so important that I marry her sister?If I have to live forever, I exponent as well do it in style, Damon said, shrugging. Im sick of living from person to person, meal to meal, having no place to call home. When I marry Lydia, Ill be rich. A houseful of servants to attend to my every whim to feed my every need, he leered. I wasnt sure he was just talking about blood. Or, I could just take the money and run. Either way, Ill be a visual sense better off than I am now. Winfield is swimming in money.Why involve me? I asked, feeling weary. Why not just go off and do whatever it is you need to do, ruining peoples lives?Lets just reckon I have my reasons. Damon flashed me a harlequins grin.I shook my head in exasperation. Just past the door of the study, a couple walked arm in arm through the library, in search of a quiet place to talk. Beyond them were the happy noises of the dancing throng, laughing conversations, the tap of heels on the floor. I watched distractedly, picking out Winfields booming voice as he lectured person on the basic tenets of capitalism.What will you do with them? I asked. With Damon as son-in-law, Winfield Sutherlands life expectancy had just been drastically reduced and Lydias as well.in one case I have their money? Pfff. I dont know, Damon said, throwing his hand up in the air. I hear San Francisco is fairly exciting or maybe Ill just go and take that grand tour in Europe youd always daydream of.Damon I began.Or I could just live here, like the king I do so want to be, he continued, cutting me off. Enjoying myselfI had a horrible image of Damon satisfying his every carnal desire in the Sutherland household.I wont let you do this, I said urgently.Why do you care? Damon asked. I mean, it wasnt me tearing through New Orleans. What was your body count toward the end there, brother?Ive changed, I pointed out, looking him in the eye.Yes, of course, he said. Just like that. Whatever could have oh He grinned. Its Lydia, isnt it? Once again following in my footsteps, brother. Everything I have you just want. Like Katherine.I never loved Katherine. Not the way you did.I was attracted to her, of course who wouldnt have been? She was beautiful, charming, and a terrible flirt. Damon hadnt minded her dark side, and in fact seemed to appreciate it. But when I was with her under her heady spell, I just wanted to ignore her lamia side. And when the vervain cleared my thoughts I was repelled by what she was. All of my feelings, deep feelings, for her, had been the stuff of glamour. For Damon, it was all real.And I dont love Lydia, I said. But that doesnt mean I want to see her or anyone hurt. hence you do exactly as I say, brother, and everyone will be fine. But if you step out of line, even once Damon dragged a finger crosswise his throat. Then their blood will be on your hands.For a long moment, all was silent as Damon and I glared at each other. I had vowed to never harm a human again, to never allow a human to come to harm because of me. I was trapped as neatly and as permanently as if I were still a sideshow vampire at a circus, tied with vervain ropes and Damon knew it.I heaved a sigh. What do you want me to do?

Inferno Canto X

Canto X of Dante Alighieris Inferno starts with Virgil and Dante on their way to the sixth propagate. The sixth circle is where the tombs of those who view that the soul dies with the body are put. We call them Epicureans. Dante then meets two Epicureans. The runner one, Farinata degli Uberti notices Dante because of his accent. Farinata asks who his ancestors are and finds out that they were his enemies. The conversation goes on until another Epicurean appears, Caval loaferte dei Caval pileti. Dante and Cavalcante have intercourse each because Guido, the son of Cavalcante is good friends with Dante and he married Beatrice.Cavalcante then asks wherefore his son isnt with him. Dante gives a reply that makes Cavalcante think that his son is dead. subsequently hearing this, Cavalcante got depressed and went back to his place. Dante realizes that those who are in the sixth circle can only see the future. Farinata and Dante continue their conversation then Virgil calls Dante and tel ls him that they limit going. Dante was left with curiousity as he and Virgil walk a travel guidebook that revolt them. I find the start slow and as the story goes on it becomes fast paced because of the way Farinata was introduced to Dante by Virgil.I also have a feeling that Virgil knows their groups are enemies. Line 39 of Canto X, Virgil told Dante your words must be appropriate. Why? How come Dante knows nothing astir(predicate) Farinata? Another fast paced fail was when Cavalcante suddenly appeared. Vague information was given about him. When you think about it, its strange how Farinata and Cavalcante didnt veritable(a) mind each other. Their vatic to be enemies, right? Farinata is a Ghibellines while Cavalcante is a Guelph. They didnt even argue. In this canto, you can see how Dante is always curious about the Florentines.He asked Farinata who else are in the sixth circle and also asked Virgil if he can meet any of the Epicureans. Much curiousity is awaited at the nex t canto. We can see how Virgil was rushing Dante to leave. There is also a hint that Dante cogency meet Beatrice. As they walk, at lines 135 to 136, along a path that strikes into a valley whose foetor, as it rose up, disgusted us. In my opinion, the stench symbolizes the intensity of what they have done. The stronger the stench, the more intense they have done.

Global Warming (Cause and Effects)

planetary pepperiness Since the late 19th century Earths aviation and oceans take a crap been getting warmer. According to a reoceanrch by the Statess Climate Choices the average temperature of Earths surface change magnitude by about 0. 8 C over the past coulomb years. in that respect be a pass out of beseems of orbiculate warm up. The ca social occasions quite a little be break up into two groups natural earns and man-made causes. Natural causes overstep without the depression of humans. There atomic number 18 two natural causes one(a) of them is the landed estate goes finished a cycle of mode change that becomes about 40. 00 years. The opposite cause is release of methane gas from some part of the earth. Man-made causes are the biggest kernel of global thawing. According to National Geographic, there are several(prenominal) glasshouse gases responsible for warming and humans emit them in a motley of ways. Pollution is the one of the biggest man-made problems. Pollution occurs in legion(predicate) ways. For example, burning fossil fuels, when fossil fuels are burned they give arrive at a kind of greenhouse gas. Another major man-made cause is population. much than people mean more food.And to provide more food, fossil fuels are used more often. And more people mean more transportation. This is one of the biggest problem increasing use of fossil fuel. Global warming has patent effectuate on environment. There are a lot of effects for example -Ice is melting worldwide. -Sea level rise became faster over the last century. According to the NASA effects that scientists had predicted in the past would result from global climate change are now occurring for example loss of sea ice, accelerate sea level rise and longer, more intense heat waves.And if warming continuous, other effects could happen, for instance -Hurricanes and other storms are possible to become stronger. -Ecosystems ordain change, some species will become ext inct. -Less fresh pee will be available. -Floods and droughts will become more common. So, we can result to this global cause with personal actions. Our individual efforts are especially significant. We can overhaul immediately by becoming more energy efficient. simplification our use of oil, gasoline and coal also sets an example for others to follow.Global Warming (Cause and Effects)GLOBAL WARMING Since the late 19th century Earths atmosphere and oceans have been getting warmer. According to a research by Americas Climate Choices the average temperature of Earths surface increased by about 0. 8 C over the past 100 years. There are a lot of causes of global warming. The causes can be split up into two groups natural causes and man-made causes. Natural causes occur without the effect of humans. There are two natural causes one of them is the earth goes through a cycle of climate change that lasts about 40. 00 years. The other cause is release of methane gas from some part of the earth. Man-made causes are the biggest affection of global warming. According to National Geographic, there are several greenhouse gases responsible for warming and humans emit them in a variety of ways. Pollution is the one of the biggest man-made problems. Pollution occurs in many ways. For example, burning fossil fuels, when fossil fuels are burned they give off a kind of greenhouse gas. Another major man-made cause is population. More people mean more food.And to provide more food, fossil fuels are used more often. And more people mean more transportation. This is one of the biggest problem increasing use of fossil fuel. Global warming has observable effects on environment. There are a lot of effects for example -Ice is melting worldwide. -Sea level rise became faster over the last century. According to the NASA effects that scientists had predicted in the past would result from global climate change are now occurring for example loss of sea ice, accelerated sea level rise and l onger, more intense heat waves.And if warming continuous, other effects could happen, for instance -Hurricanes and other storms are likely to become stronger. -Ecosystems will change, some species will become extinct. -Less fresh water will be available. -Floods and droughts will become more common. So, we can contribute to this global cause with personal actions. Our individual efforts are especially significant. We can help immediately by becoming more energy efficient. Reducing our use of oil, gasoline and coal also sets an example for others to follow.