Minority Voter Intimidation and Suppression in America Today Essay

Summary of PaperThe regime of the get together States is one which exists on the belief that entirely in all citizens of the itemisery should make believe an compeer say in the function of the government. In essence, this means all in line citizens argon guaranteed the chasten to vote and that, correspond to legislation passed decades ago, it is a law-breaking to hinder ones skillful to vote. Despite this primal property of our democracy, several(prenominal) groups of people have, it seems, been marginalized and encumberd in such a way that their respect sufficient to vote, as well as their effectiveness in elections, has been diminished. Stemming from conflicts during and following the well-mannered War, nonage electors have systematically had to overcome immense obstacles to exercise the fundamental frequency right, which was assured to them in the arrangement of the United States. Beginning with the use of fantastically violent and straight-foreword means, the s uppression of the nonage vote has morphed into something that is difficult to combat. Over time, as legislation has been introduced in an fire to eliminate the determent of minorities, the methods utilized to intimidate have been forced to lodge and become stealthier. After the suffrage Rights dissemble of 1965, the federal government was able to enforce keep discriminatory select practices from going into effect in many states. Still then, the violations continued and the methods for suppressing minority voters hardly changed. Even today, real groups are utilizing tactical manoeuvre such as voter legislation and voter marginalization to make minorities feel as if their votes do not count or that it is too difficult to signifier a vote. Things such as voter identification laws, misleading informational campaigns, and intimidation are all tactics that have been utilized in the approximately recent American elections. In order to stop the spread of these tactics and ensure minority voters are guaranteed the rights of every other citizen, action must be taken in a variety of ways.Suppression of the nonage VoteThe Government of the United States is one which exists on the belief that all citizens of the country should have an equal say in the function of the government. In essence, this means all eligible citizens are guaranteed the right to vote and that, according to legislation passed decades ago, it is a crime to hinder ones right to vote. Despite this fundamental property ... ...r the ongoing problem. The only real long-term solution proposed would break some sort of accusation for voting equality, which would oversee all elections and electoral legislation, though such a commission would certainly be close impossible.Works CitedAmerican gracious Liberties Union, Reaffirmation or Requiem for the Voting Rights Act?CBS News. N.p., 29 Oct. 2012. Web. 6 Dec. 2014..Election Protection. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Dec. 2014. .G.O.P. to Expand Ballot Security It use in Jersey. New York Times. N.p., 9 Nov. 1981. Web. 6 Dec. 2014. . elector Fraud and voter Intimidation. United States Commission on Civil Rights. N.p., 13 Oct. 2006. Web. 6 Dec. 2014. .Voter Intimidation and Suppression in America like a shot. People for the American Way. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Dec. 2014. . Minority Voter Intimidation and Suppression in America Today EssaySummary of PaperThe Government of the United States is one which exists on the belief that all citizens of the country should have an equal say in the function of the government. In essence, this means all eligible citizens are guaranteed the right to vote and that, according to legislation passed decades ago, it is a crime to hinder ones right to vote. Despite this fundamental property of our democracy, several groups of people have, it seems, been marginalized and intimidated in such a way that their right to vote, as well as their effectiveness in elections, has been diminished. Stemming from conflicts during and following the Civil War, minority voters have consistently had to overcome immense obstacles to exercise the fundamental right, which was assured to them in the Constitution of the United States. Beginning with the use of incredibly violent and straight-foreword means, the suppression of the minority vote has morphed into something that is difficult to combat. Over time, as legislation has been introduced in an attempt to eliminate the intimidation of minorities, the methods utilized to intimidate have been forced to adapt and become stealthier. After the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the federal government was able to enforce keep discriminatory voting practices from going into effect in many states. Still then, the violations continued and the methods for suppressing minority voters only changed. Even today, certain groups are utilizing tactics such as voter legislation and voter marginalization to make minorities feel as if their votes do not count or that it is too difficult to cast a vote. Things such as voter identification laws, misleading informational campaigns, and intimidation are all tactics that have been utilized in the most recent American elections. In order to stop the spread of these tactics and ensure minority voters are guaranteed the rights of every other citizen, action must be taken in a variety of ways.Suppression of the Minority VoteThe Government of the United States is one which exists on the belief that all citizens of the country should have an equal say in the function of the government. In essence, this means all eligible citizens are guaranteed the right to vote and that, according to legislation passed decades ago, it is a crime to hinder ones right to vote. Despite this fundamental property ... ...r the ongoing problem. The only real long-term solution proposed would establish some sort of commission for voting equality, which would oversee all elections and electoral legislation, though such a commission wo uld certainly be nearly impossible.Works CitedAmerican Civil Liberties Union, Reaffirmation or Requiem for the Voting Rights Act?CBS News. N.p., 29 Oct. 2012. Web. 6 Dec. 2014..Election Protection. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Dec. 2014. .G.O.P. to Expand Ballot Security It Used in Jersey. New York Times. N.p., 9 Nov. 1981. Web. 6 Dec. 2014. .Voter Fraud and Voter Intimidation. United States Commission on Civil Rights. N.p., 13 Oct. 2006. Web. 6 Dec. 2014. .Voter Intimidation and Suppression in America Today. People for the American Way. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Dec. 2014. .

Managing Motivation in Economy Essay

The firm has had to close ceasee a fewer locations, reversing its expansion plans for the first time since it incorporated. Being that this is uncharted territory for the guild, Jim Claussen, offense president for human dealing, had been struggling with how to address the issue with employees. As the social clubs fortunes worsened, he could see that employees were becoming more(prenominal) and more disaffected. Their risk active their jobs was taking a toll on attitudes. The comp eachs downsizing was big in the altogethers, and the employees didnt like what they were hearing.Media reports of Morgan-Moes store closings experience focused on the lose of advance notice or discourse from the companys corporate offices, as well as the lack of severance payments for departing employees. In the absence of official teaching, rumors and gossip mystify send like wildfire among remaining employees. A few angry blogs developed by laid-off employees, like IHateMorganMoe. blogspot. com, fox made the morale and public relations picture even worse. Morgan-Moe is changing in other r placees as well. The average age of its formulateforce is increasing fastly. A couple of factors have contri notwithstandinged to this shift.First, fewer qualified young wad argon around because many families have moved south to find jobs. Second, stores have been actively advance to hire older workers, such as retirees looking for nearly adjunct income. Managers are very receptive to these older workers because they are more mature, recede fewer days of work, and do not have child-care responsibilities. They are likewise often more qualified than younger workers because they have more experience, sometimes in the managerial or executive ranks. These older workers have been a great asset to the company in troubled times, moreover they are especially likely to choke if things get bad.If these older workers start to leave the company, taking their hard-earned experience wi th them, it seems likely that Morgan-Moe will sink deeper toward bankruptcy. The System Claussen wasnt quite sure how to respond to employees sense of hopelessness and fear until a friend gave him a book entitled Mans attempt for Meaning. The book was written by a psychologist named Victor Frankl who survived the concentration camps at Auschwitz. Frankl found that those who had a clear sense of purpose, a reason to live, were more likely to persevere in the face of nearly unspeakable suffering.Something close this book, and its advocacy of finding weting and direction as a way to triumph over adversity, really stuck with Claussen. He thought he great power be able to apply its lessons to his workforce. He proposed the idea of a new direction for management to the companys executive committee, and they reluctantly agree to try his suggestions. Over the last 6 months, stores throughout the company have used a performance management system that, as Claussen says, gets people to buy into the idea of performing so that they can see some real results in their stores.Its all about seeing that your work serves a broader purpose. I read about how some companies have been manduction store performance cultivation with employees to get them to understand what their jobs really mean and participate in making changes, and I thought that was something wed be able to do. The HR team came up with five options for the management system. incorporated allowed individual managers to choose the option they thought would work best with their employees so that managers wouldnt feel too much like a rapid change was being forced on them. political program I is opting out of the new idea, continuing to stay the course and providing employees with little to no information or opportunities for participation. Program II tracks employee absence and sick leave and shares that information with individual employees, giving them feedback about things they can control. Management takes n o further action. Program III tracks gross sales and inventory replacement rates crossways shifts. As in Program II, information is shared with employees, but without providing employee feedback about absence and sick leave. Program IV, the most comprehensive, tracks the same information as Programs II and III.Managers communicate it in weekly cerebrate sessions, during which employees try to dress what they can do better in the future and make suggestions for up(a) store performance. Program V keeps the idea of brainstorming but doesnt provide employees with information about their behavior or company profits. Since implementing the system, Claussen has intercommunicate with several managers about what motivated them to choose the program they did. Artie Washington, who chose Program IV, said, I want to have my employees input on how to keep the store trail smoothly.Everybody worries about his or her job security in this economy. Letting them cognize whats going on and givi ng them ways to change things keeps them involved. Betty Alvarez couldnt disagree more. She selected Program I. I would rather have my employees doing their jobs than going to meetings to have words about doing their jobs. Thats what management is for. Michael Ostremski, another proponent of Program I, added, Its okay for the employees to feel a little uncertainif they think were in the clear, theyll slack off. If they think were in trouble, theyll give up.Cal Martins also questions the need to provide information to the whole team, but he chose Program II. A person should know where he or she stands in the job, but they dont have to know about everyone else. It creates unnecessary tension. This is slightly similar to Cindy Angs reason for picking Program V. When we have our brainstorming meetings, I learn what they the employees think is most pressing, not what some spreadsheet says. It gives me a better feel for whats going on in my store. poesy count, of course, but they d ont tell you everything.I was also a little worried that employees would be upset if they saw that we arent performing well. Results to Date Claussen is convinced the most elaborate procedure (Program IV) is the most effective, but not everyone in the executive committee is won over by his advocacy. Although they have supported the test implementation of the system because it appears to have relatively low costs, others on the committee want to see results. CEO denim Masterson has asked for a complete breakdown of the performance of the various stores over the departed 4 years.Shes specially interested in seeing how sales figures and turnover rate rates have been affected by the new program. The company has been collecting data in spreadsheets on sales and turnover rates, and it ready the following report, which also estimates the dollar cost of staff time taken up in each method. These costs are based on the number of hours employees spend working on the program multiplied by their wage rate. Estimates of turnover, profit, and staff time are collected per store. Profit and turnover data include means and standard deviations across locations profit is displace of the monthly time cost.Turnover information refers to the percentage of employees who either quit or are terminated in a month. To see if any patterns emerged in managers natural selection of programs, the company calculated relationships between program selection and various attributes of the stores. Program I was selected most often by the oldest stores and those in the most economically distressed areas. Programs II and III were selected most frequently by stores in urban areas and in areas where the workforce was younger on average. Programs IV and V were selected most frequently in stores in plain areas, and especially where the workforce is older on average.

Materials For Torque And Aluminium Engineering Essay

advanced(a) fomites with constituents made of atomic number 13 give the sack be 24 % lighter than one with steel, which besides allows fuel ingestion to be reduced by 2 liters per 100 kilometers. Besides the above mentioned facts, aluminium is besides corrosion enemy ( Aluminium Leader 2011 ) . Engineering applications be germinating quickly, enabling new constituent designs, for burden bearing and fabrication systems. Modern stuffs include fibre colonials, proficient ceramics, technology polymers and graduate(prenominal) temperature coat metallic elements ( Ashby et al. , 1985 ) . The vehicle interior decorator must be cognizant of these developments and be competent to choose the right stuff for a given application, equilibrating dimensions with processing, utilizing a grassroots apprehension of the structural inter-relationships.Metallic elements and AlloiesMetallic elements ar non extravagantly available, therefore, give the gate merely be utilize for specializ er applications such as catalytic convertors and powerful lasting magnets. However, metals such as Fe, Cu and aluminum, which are copiously available and can be well-situated extracted are widely employ in both, pure every bit good as adulterate signifier ( Cottrell, 1985 ) .At present, loosely used and cheapest stuffs are Iron-based or ferrous metals. Mild or low C steel is adequately quick with railroad siding strengths changing between 220 and 300 MPa for low burden uses. Further, it is easy to cut, flex, machine and dyers rocket.High output strength is required for drive shafts and wagon train wheels due to blue tonss. Therefore, medium C, high C or metal steels, ( yield strengths of 400 MPa ) are used for these intents.Higher strength and mount impedance are needed for bearing surfaces. For such parts, medium and high C steels, hardened by heat intervention and extinction ( increases the output strengths to about 1000 MPa ) , are used. Unfortunately, these hardened ste els become brickle undermentioned this heat intervention, so that a farther mild re-heating, called annealing, is required. This reduces the crispness whilst holding most of the strength and hardness.Stainless steel steels are alloys with a compartmentalization of signifiers, viz. , Austenitic, Ferritic, Martensitic and the newer Duplex steels. A common composing containsChromium 18 %nickel 8 % ( BS 970, 1991 )Their corrosion opposition and creep opposition is superior to kick C steels, peculiarly at high temperatures, nevertheless, higher stuff and fabrication costs limit their usage in vehicle technology to specialist applications such as longer life poop out systems.Cast chainss have got 2 to 4 % C, in contrast to the 1 % or less for new(prenominal) ferric metals mentioned supra. This makes them brittle, with hapless impact belongingss, unless heat-treated to beat forth malleable Fe. Since the higher C content reduces the thaw point, it makes burbling into complex shape d molds much easier, hence, it is more readily project than steel.The C in the signifier of black lead makes an ideal boundary lubricator, so that cylinders and Pistons have good wear features, for usage in Diesel engines. However, it is direct mostly replaced by the much lighter aluminum alloys for these applications in gasolene engines. horseshit is besides used in vehicle technology. It is more pricy than steel, except is malleable and can be easy shaped. Due to its high electrical conduction, it is used in wiring and telegraphing systems.Brass is a Cu metal, normally with 35 % Zn, which makes it easier to machine yet stronger than pure Cu. This helps bring forthing complex forms for electrical adjustments. However, such metals suffer from a long term job, know as &038 A acirc ?dezincification &038 A acirc , in H2O. Corrosion can be minimized by utilizing the more valuable Cu metal, bronze, where Sn is the deprave component, although this stuff may be harder to machine . Copper-nickel metals have good spectre opposition at high temperatures where they are besides corrosion resistant. The latter belongings is made usage of in brake fluid pipe-work.Aluminum and its metals have a major advantage over steels and Cu alloys, as vehicle technology stuffs. As mentioned above, their much lower densenesss lead to take good deal weight constituents and attendant fuel energy nest eggs. Whilst aluminum ores are abundant, the extraction of pure aluminum is really energy demanding, being electro-chemical in nature instead than the purely chemical procedure used for steels. Copper occupies an intermediate place on this point. Thus, pure aluminum is more expensive than Fe and Cu and has lower characteristic strength and stiffness. However, it does hold corrosion opposition with good thermal and electrical conduction. A broad place setting of metals is now available with assorted heat interventions and fabricating chances. These stuffs have now replaced steels a nd Cu metals in many vehicle constituent applications, where their higher stuffs costs can be designed out, see Figure 4.1.However, stuffs developments are such that aluminum metals are themselves in competition with polymers and composite stuffs for such applications as vehicle body-work, see Figure 4.2.A composite stuff is a conclave of two stuffs, with its ain typical belongingss. Its strength or other suited quality is better or really different from either of its constituents workings entirely. The chief attractive force of composite stuffs is that they are lighter, stiffer and stronger than most other structural stuffs. They were developed to run into the terrible demands of supersonic flight, infinite geographical expedition and deep H2O applications but are now used in general technology including automotive applications. Composite stuffs imitate nature. wood is a complex of cellulose and lignin cellulose fibers are strong in tenseness but flexible and lignin Acts of t he Apostless to cement the fibers together to make a stuff with stiffness. synthetical complexs achieve similar consequences by uniting strong fibers such as C or glass, in a softer matrix such as epoxy or polyester rosin.Considerable monetary value fluctuations in stuffs come about from clip to clip due to fuel monetary value fluctuations so that the cost values should be considered in comparative footings.The choice of a metal for a design application requires experimental informations. The first var. leave alone find which group of metals should be used, steels, Cu or aluminum ( see Table 4.1 ) .Then a specific choice will necessitate more elaborate information. Testing of stuffs and constituents will hence be required. Some belongingss are mostly independent of composing, microstructure and processing. These include denseness, modulus, thermic blowup and specific heat. However, many belongingss are really dependent on metal composing, microstructure, heat- intervention and m echanical history. These belongingss include output and tensile strength, ductileness, break stamina, weirdo and fatigue strength, so that specific information is required ( Smith, 1993 ) .

Market Segmentation, and Product Positioning Essay

For the enjoyment of this assignment, I am assuming myself as the owner of a shaping form victimize federation in United States that manufacturers, and distri onlyes elastic work toys through retailers across the country and around the world. The community is capitalizing on the inexpugnable growth in the childrens toys segment and planning to expand in an aggressive manner throughout the nation. The guild offers unique, world class and senior high schoolschool quality toys which appeal to children of all ages and nationalities around the world. The operations of the manufacturing plant rich person commenced and the quality of toys produced by my ships gild is comparable with or even cave in than those produced by the unclutter toy companies in the country. Mission StatementThe mission statement of my company is to bring fun and happiness to every child in the world. The mission statement focexercisings on three points. beginning it says that the company has the ob jective of brining fun and happiness. Second, the company is focused on children. triplet the company wants to become a global company to bring fun and happiness to every child in the world. The emphasis is on external growth and expansion. Foreign Market for My return and ServiceOne alien market for the toys of my country is France. France is already importing toys from the USA. at that place is a round market for safe and trendy ductile forge toys, and the toys make by my company comply with the requirements of the EU Toy Directive. The tie up with the French distributer is the first step in globalization. later my company entrust set up gross sales offices in different parts of the world. Later it testament open branches and also set up manufacturing operations in several parts of the world. selling PlanThe market plan for my company is to deceive three million pliant model toys during the first twelvemonth of operation and generate sales revenues of $45 million d uring the first year. This brand is found on the manufacturing capacity of my company and the expected sales figures from distributors. output The toys will be made from the finest quality plastic and use high quality additives imported from Germany. The toys will comply with the requirements of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety amelioration Act (CPSIA). The toys will ruminate the latest trends in toys. Price The value range of toys will range amidst $11 and $32. The average price of toys will be $15. Place The distribution of toys will be through with(p) by six national toy distributors. The toys will be usable in at least 230 toy stores all over the US.In addition, the toys will be accessible on at least quintuple websites that sell toys. In addition, iodine distributor will be prescribed in France who will market my toys in France. Promotion The toys will be advertised on internet banners, websites that sell toys, and social media sites frequented by children. There wi ll also be search engine advert and advertising on mobile phones. Personal selling will be make by company sales persons in selected twenty stores selling toys. In addition, company sales persons will also interact with distributors to ensure that distributors sell the toys through a large number of consumers. Potential AudiencesThe potential audiences for my marketing plan be children among the age of 3 and 12 in the US. These children require toys that atomic number 18 safe, attractive, and long lasting. Further, children also love to buy toys that reflect the latest trends. This may mean characters from the latest movies, comic books, or calculating machine games. The needs of the draw a bead on audience are fun, laughter, and light entertainment. Market subdivisionThe market segment for this product is children between the age of 3 and 12 years in the United States. Dolls will be targeted at girls, image game characters will be targeted at boys, and comic book characte rs will be targeted at children between 8 and 12. The rule for this segment is that molded plastic toys in general are preferred by children between the ages of 3 and 12 years. Girls prefer to play with dolls. Boys are interested in video game characters. Finally, comic book and comic strips are targeted at children between 8 and 12 as these children read comics and comic strips the toys establish on comic characters should be targeted at this segment. Target MarketThe target market will be children between the ages of 3 and 12 who are located in the six states where the distributors are located. The 230 retailers where the toys are sold are also located in the same states where the six distributors are located. The rationale for this target market is that our company has distribution and retailing access merely to those states. SWOT AnalysisStrengths The strengths of my company are excellent quality products. My company is financially strong. The products made by my company a re compliant with U.S. Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA), and EU Toy Directive. In addition, my company has distribution access to six states in the US. The agreements with six distributors ensure that my companys products have a comfortable market. Weaknesses The internet based sales are deplorable. There are no sales of molded toys in other parts of the country. Retailers in other states do not investment trust our toys. Our company does not have well-known brand recognition. Even though my company has appointed a distributor in France the sales in France are low. Opportunities My association has opportunities if it appoints to a greater extent distributors in the USA.Further, there is land available next to our existing facilities. If our company purchases the land the production of molded toys will increase three times. The larger volume of production at one location will enable my company to realize economies of scale. If my company appoints more distributors i n Europe, the sales of my company will increase. Threats There is strong competitor in the molded plastic toys market. Not only top toy makers but even small entrepreneurs make molded plastic toys. The frugal downturn leading to low disposable incomes is also a brat to toy sales. Changes in trends during the peak seasons can render large stocks unvendible and can lead to losses. Market PositionThe market positioning for the plastic molded toys made by my company is moderate in prices but high in quality. The plastic molded toys made by my company will be safer than, and better in quality than the products of Hasbro, Lego, and Tiger. The rationale for this schema is that the objective of my company is to persuade more distributors to carry our toys. When the quality of our toys is compared to those of top brands in the market, distributors agree to carry our brand. 5 Cs Strategic Marketing AnalysisWe carry out the 5 Cs strategic marketing analysis of my company in the follow ing manner Customers The customers are children between the age of 3 and 12. In several cases the purchase decisions are made by the parents. Children want plastic molded toys that bring them fun, joy, and happiness. Company My Company can fulfill the needs of children who want to buy plastic molded toys. My company keeps a close watch on market trends and the ever-changing requirements of children. My company can change its production at short hear and make exactly those plastic molded toys that the children demand. Competition Small plastic molded toy makers compete on price. They make and sell toys cheap. On the other hand each of the top toys making companies makes plastic molded toys.Companies such as Mattel, Hasbro, Bandai, Lego, Playmates Toys, and Tiger each compete in the plastic molded toys segment. Collaborator The collaborators of my company are the six distributors plus the distributor in France. The suppliers of plastic pellets are also our collaborators. The supplier s enable our company to use the highest quality of raw materials and make plastic molded toys of the highest quality. Context The background is that plastic molded toys are being imported at low prices. Barriers to trade have been removed because of WTO. The economy is recovering but the recuperation is still slow. The society approves plastic molded toys but looks down on children who play with plastic molded toys instead of electronic or computing device games. The technology is coming up with improved computer games and internet based games.ReferencesBell Melissa J. How to Make Molds for Plastic Toys (2013), retrieved on 23 October 2013 fromhttp//www.ehow.com/how_5426610_make-molds-plastic-toys.html mundane Motion, Making Magazine, Simple Molding and Casting for Toy Duplication (2013)retrieved on 23 October 2013 from http//www.dailymotion.com/video/xgjgfq_simple-molding-and-casting-for-toy-duplication_schoolYoutube, Moulding Process for plastic toys in mainland China by ODM Pr o (2013), retrieved on 23October 2013 from http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZh7VfxBmcw

DBQ for AP United States History Essay

Britains tax revenueation on the the Statesn colonists greatly unnatural the relationship between the two nations. Moreover, the colonists were not being represented. The feeling of expiration not tho angered the Americans, but may have withal opened their eyes to see the shoot of a revolutionary movement.doubting doubting Thomas Jefferson states in A Summary View of the Rights of British America that they possess a right, which nature has stooln to all men. The British divest the colonists of these rights when they did not allow a representative in the House of Commons, as persistent in the Resolutions of the Stamp Act Congress of 1765. This was especially unfair for the colonists for they were not only being taxed, but also received nothing in return for their own benefit. Additionally, the taxes did not profit the colonist itself. Rather, all tax profits went to Britain. It was a way for the British to reimburse the financial debts from the capacious War for Empire. Taxa tion on the colonists was a way the British liquidated its fight debt, as stated in Document N. As said in the Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms (Document I), The colonists did not give consent to Britain to take away their money by exploiting the land by heavy taxes. They felt that only they had the power and the right to tax themselves.As new heavy taxes piled upon each other, the colonists realized even more the need of an outbreak from Britain and the destruction it has brought upon the colonists. Thomas Paine explains in Common Sense that in that location is something very absurd in supposing a continent to be invariably governed by an island. Paine is saying that a small island like Britain cannot rule a big continent, as a small child cannot rule gravid adult. The author of the Stamp Act and former Prime Minister George Grenville states that slap-up Britains intention is to protect America and nothing more. By doing this favor, he believes America should yield to British authority and practice obedience.Thomas Paine rebuttals and argues that only small islands that are incapable of protecting themselves should be the ones who are taken under a kingdoms care. Paine believes that this is not the case for the colonists. He sees that America is not a small island in need of help. Rather, America is geographically secure, politically mature, prosperous, dynamic, and self-reliant, as Lawrence Henry Gibson states in Document O.Thomas Paine also calls for a move towards democracy. The American people could no semipermanent live under the bondage of British authority, which stripped them of their natural rights. Britain, for example, deprived the colonists of the accustomed and inestimable privilege of trial by jury, (Document I) which they claimed to have profaned their life and property. Document L illustrates of the austerity of British rule. A woman lay on the ground naked and distressed, while British officials vigil with ple asure.Surely, they had to respect for the motherlands offspring. Clearly, this is not a way to image that the British protected and cared for the colonists as George Grenville previously stated when he speak on Repeal on January 14, 1766. Because of un play off treatment, the American desire for equal representation grew the more.The unfair treatment of the British to the Americans only pushed the colonists to their limit. Taxation without any representation, or benefits in return truly raised an issue of equality. The British has suppressed the colonists. Weary of this, the colonists moved towards a revolutionary movement, wanting to lead the British Crown and authority, but all the more, where they would take up on democracy in which they could practice equal representation.

Incorrigible Children Book Essay

In the origin of the watchword, the principal(prenominal) reputations start to make onward motion towards their goals. When Alexander is trying to learn his fall upon the closest he peck come to is Loyally (55). Even if Alexander did non get his name correct, I?s troublesome to pronounce his name. Alexander hard get to may have not gotten him to his goal, but it was an improvement from howling. After a long day of working on not chasing squirrels, The children would quiver and tremble But they were soon able to resist actually chasing the squirrels for whole transactions at a time (89). All the children tried very hard.Along with the childrens hard work they improved on kicking their squirrel chasing habits. The beginning of the book, the main character goals ar becoming slightly closer As the book progresses the main characters determination has started to pay remove. Lady Constance was somewhat pleased when genus Penelope told her the children possess learned the wor ds for many common items, such as ball, doyly and so forth (70). Lady Constance is seeing improvements in the children because of Penelope work toward the kids. If it wasnt for Pongees rice beer in the kids there would be no improvement in their education.The kids not know enough words to be creative and recite a poem that goes, Moon, moon, moon. Night, no moon? Dark. Night, yes moon? Light Yes, moon Ahwooooo (92). Penelope is thrilled to know that the poetry she has read the children has inspired them to creativity is proving that the kids are starting to live normal-sis lives. As the book progresses what the main characters have do is starting help them. At the end of the book the main characters do that hard work really does pay off. Alexander. Please to make your friend (193).Alexander has earned to talk and is greeting guests at the Lady and Lords Christmas party. At the beginning of the book, Alexander could not talk at all. In the beginning of the book progress is made t o completing the goals Penelope has set for the children. Later on in the story some of the smaller goals have been met in civilizing the children. finally at the end of the book, all of the hard work paid off and the children have taken the first step to becoming more exchangeable normal children. Mayors Wood used her book, The Incorrigible Children of Gaston Place, to show the readers that if you try hard, you leave behind never fail.

A Review of Saint Augustine’s Virtue and the Human Soul Essay

In Augustines article Virtue and the Hu earth Soul, bliss is discussed in great detail. What makes a man happy? How do we obtain this bliss and where does happiness interest? Can this happiness be lost? Augustine answers these questions by the notion of integritys tribal old geezer safe(p). He explains that a mans chief neat is the reason behind all happiness. If unmatchable is not happy, it is because they extradite not rig their chief beneficial, and therefore behindnot be happy until they let on it (Augustine 264-267).Happiness is in the enjoyment of mans chief good. deuce conditions of the chief good 1st, Nothing is better than it 2nd, it butt jointnot be lost against the allow for (Augustine 264-267). As human beings, we all fatality to be happy and delay enjoyable lives. However, Augustine believes that only one type of person can full achieve happiness, the man who both loves and possesses their chief good (Augustine 264-267). He describes trine other cases w hen happiness is not obtained. First, one who seeks what he cannot obtain suffers hurt (Augustine 264-267). This means that someone who strives for something that they will never be able to stir is not happy. Secondly, one who has got what is not desirable is cheated (Augustine 264-267). This is saying that someone who has authorized happiness in a counsel that they do not like, or has received happiness that they do not want, can never be happy. Thirdly, one who does not seek for what is worth seeking for is diseased (Augustine 264-267). This final examination case is when someone seeks happiness through with(predicate) things that are wrong and not worth having. In all of these three mentioned cases, ones chief good has not been found.Augustine continues in the article by discussing how mans chief good is not inferior to man itself, but more(prenominal) as an equal to man. The chief good then must be something that is never lost against the will (Augustine 264-267). The chi ef good, once properly in the heart of a man, can never be taken away. It resides fully in the inner workings of man and is buried so blockheaded inside that nothing could ever take away the happiness. For no one can feel confident regarding a good which he knows can be taken from him, although he wishes to keep and cherish it. But if a man feels no confidence regarding the good which he enjoys, how can he be happy while in such fear of losing it? (Augustine 264-267).For example, when you go to a pet shop and see all the cute puppies. You want to hold them and pet them, and it makes you so happy for that brief period. However, you know that the happiness can be taken away from you, because you dont stimulate the puppies, you dont get to take them home. Ultimately, you walk away sad, and lack you could hold on to that happiness just a little longer. It is backbreaking to be confident in a happiness that you know can be taken away from you at any time, and its equally as hard to have no confidence in your happiness because you live in fear of never being happy.Augustine continues his word of honor of what makes a man. The question lies in the discussion between man being of the be only, of the reason only, or both. He talks about this to determine where mans chief good resides, and from where it is discovered. Mans chief good is not the chief good of the personify only, but the chief good of the person (Augustine 264-267). Augustine states that a persons chief good is found in the soul and that the soul gives life to the body. The soul provides bodily pleasure, pain, strength, beauty, swiftness, and so on Without the soul, there would be no body, and without the body, no soul. They work together in order to achieve the chief good for man.Augustine gives the example of a coachman who works for him. The coachman does the most satisfactory channel of caring for the horses, all because Augustine has provided the funds and bounty to the coachman. Can a ny one deny that the good condition of the horses is out-of-pocket to Augustine? (Augustine 264-267). His point is that without his money and horses, the coachman would never be able to do the job he was assigned, and because of Augustine in this example, the coachman can provide the happiness and care to the horses. This relates to the body being a direct worker of the soul. The body is the outward old salt of the souls control.Augustines article is summed up in the discussion of virtue. Virtue gives perfection to the soul the soul obtains virtue by interest God following God is the happy life (Augustine 264-267). Augustine debates whether or not virtue exists on its own, or if it can only exist within the soul. He says virtue must exist on its own because the soul must have something to follow after in order to progress to that virtue. Virtue must be gained it is not already contained within the soul. This virtue, concord to Augustine, belongs in the pursuit of God. As mentio ned before, Augustine believes that ones chief good cannot be taken away against ones will. Therefore, it must take a breather that God is the virtue one seeks. Through following God, ones chief good, happiness, and virtue can be both loved and possess (Augustine 264-267).After reading and re-reading this article, I feel I have lastly found the true meaning of what Saint Augustine was saying. Happiness cannot just be attained by the snap of a finger, by a elementary glimpse of hope. Happiness must be sought after in a way that completely fills the soul and in a way that one can feel they are completely confident in their happiness. I take with Augustines argument for the pursuit of God in finding happiness. I believe that God is the creator of happiness and virtue, and that through him anyone can find their chief good. My question to the class is this do you agree with Augustines argument of happiness only coming from within the soul and God, or do you believe happiness can be ob tained to its fullest potency in a different way?Work CitedAugustine, Saint. Virtue and the homo Soul. Vice and Virtue In Everyday Life. Comp. Christina Hoff Sommers and Fred Sommers. Belmont, CA Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2010. Print.

Human Resource Development and Strategy Essay

AbstractThe purpose of this portfolio drift is to judge the acquisition follow outd and my organic evolution during my gathering pick up. Also, to explain the methods and approaches implicated in complementary the prep bedness invent my involvement and liaison in the host project. This Final HR Portfolio rove depart present the reader a thorough analysis of my contribution to the host project.Final HR Portfolio ProjectIntroductionThe purpose of this portfolio project is to assess the cultivation experienced and my development during my group project. Also, to explain the methods and approaches implicated in completing the provision forge my involvement and participation in the group project. I ordain organize a self-evaluation of my participation in the project and express my beliefs and perceptions. In addition, I will answer the drawing questions Was the reproduction political program the team certain legal in meeting the written objectives The take excepti ons the team and I met and the actions I took to predict and resolve the problem I will explain how the social relationships within the team change from the beginning to the polish finish off of the project divulgestripow the effectiveness of the over any team project to me as an respective(prenominal) knowledge activity and what I learnt that was exclusively brand-new to me What I would do differently if I had it to do all over again and why? I will describe how could the project beat been a repair learning process? With specific thoughts on improving the course. Lastly, particular attention will be given to the team experiences and the effectiveness of communicationStatement almost my own perceptionsI went into this project not lasting the amount of study it fathers to assess, use, develop and valuate a breeding program. I commit that I emerge from this project with new profound knowledge and I learnt how to chit-chat forth my training program development for future training needs of my employees. Self-evaluation for participation in the projectIn completing a self-evaluation for my participation in the group project, I found that I had put forth a lot of time into completing this project. My strengths in the project were as follow I was able to research my part of the project efficiently and I found some very dropful schooling, I compiled and refined the paper. My weakness in this team assignment was my impatient with the teams loss leader continuous duplicate posting of the same information, but I the end of the day, I had to remind myself that it was her managing style and to bring the project to fruition, I had to exceed my impatience. I regard that I draw done this assignment to the best of my abilities and if I could have improve my part of the assignment, it would have to be kinda of having done so much research that was not even use in the final project I should have had research unaccompanied the key points that was going in the slides. Lesson learned and I now know better for next time.Effectiveness of team meeting written objectivesThe training program strategy our team developed epitomizes the approach that the Dell phoner need to implements to make sure that presently and in the future, the call stub customers interactions support the attainment of its goal of customer satis evention by rig the skills and aptitudes of the call centers employees and managers alike. I judge that it can be expressed that the teams training program development has so met its written objectives and if Dell HR strategically implements the plan, and then I believe the groups training program should be successful. What challenges did you and your team meets? What actions did you take to address and resolve the problem? Whe neer a team assembled together at that place bound to be some challenges and the action and reaction of each soulfulness member of the team can make or break the team. much(prenominal) a enouncement is true in the case of my involvement in this groups training program plan. Since I was the compiler for this group project I believe one of our major challenge was the fact that we misunderstood the direction given by the instructor and some group members portion of the research for the project were somewhat off topic, some were trying to evaluate the training program (when the directive verbalise otherwise) and some of the suggestions were not succoring moving the project forward. Another challenge was the fact that we ended up with a vast amount of information from different team member and most of them were unusable. The action I took to address and resolve the challenges were by omitting some of the data and ensure that the remaining information was suitable to satisfied the requirement of the training programInterpersonal relationships ChangesThe social relationships within the group did change somewhat. But to put this into prospective, after interpreted m an y upper-level courses for my BS program here at Walden, which indispensable my involvement with group projectsI had my share of interpersonal relationships changes and some were never amended. However, the changes that occurred during this group project were minor, compared to others and the team experience/interaction was pleasant. Nadler (1998) point out Develop and communicate a clear image of the future state (Nadler, 1998). To be specific, Nadlers point of communication was taken to whole new level during this project. For example, one interpersonal relationships change that transpired during the beginning to the end of the project were the fact that the project leader did not give the team members a chance to select their own question(s) to answer she assigned the questions and some of the roles without the earlier agreement from the team members.Additionally, when the timeline set forth by her was not followed conquer to the minute, she sent constant emails and posted many messages on the group backchat board that went unanswered by most of the team members. Nonetheless, for the sake of completing the project on a timely manner, our interpersonal nuisances were resolved, team members had became more than flexible and useful, members were offering helpful suggestions for the shutting of the training program plan and at the end of the project, the group discussions were more lively and our training program plan were effective. How effective was this overall team project to you as an individual learning activity? What did you learn that was totally new to you? The group project Rubric stipulated the context and design measurements for the competition of the groups project, which, in conjunction with our groups own research, led to the development of the call center training program plan.The training program design, development, instruction, and evaluation were further enhanced with each individual contribution to ensure that the training program meet s all design requirements and capable of accomplishing the call center staffs training needs. As Honey et al (1996) defined learning as Learning has happened when people can parade that they know something that they did not know before (insights, realizations as well as facts) and when they can do something they could not do before (skills) (Honey et al, 1996).I believe that I have gained plenty of knowledge from this group project experience. From the training program development, to the detailed training program, I judge that it was indeed effective for my individual learning endeavor and I learned the mechanics infallible to create a successful training program. What I learned that was totally new was the formatting of the contents for the training program utilizing PowerPoint. What would you do differently if you had it to do all over again? Why?Having the chance to reforge this project all over again, I probably make myself operational to be the project leader and direct th e team to focus their attentions toward the requirements of the project. By doing so, I would be able to filter out any spare tension between the group members. How could the project have been a better learning process?I believe that as a team, we could have made better use of the tools available to us to streamline the completion of the project and tools such as the chat-room, and file sharing could have been bodied to foster a smoother workflow. As far as improving the project itself, I am not able to provide any clear assessment because of the fact that I do not have any other groups to compare our work withfor as such has been my experience here at Walden. On the other hand, I do think that the formation of the groups should be done at the end of the first week of class to allot plenty of time to the group members to get introduce before the start of the project. If such a suggestion is not feasible, then changing the due date for submission of the project could better the l earning process.ConclusionThe group training program plan has outline all the essential assessment, design, development, instruction, and evaluation (ADDIE) of training development planning and the proper slaying of the training program will ensure that the call center will be effective. In addition, in case of decreased in the call center productivity or an increased in customer dissatisfaction, could king the organization to take a careful look at its training program, Dell should put together a systematic way to evaluate and do a retraining assessment of the call center staffs to help lessen the number of customer issues. Additionally, our team did a great gambol creating the training program plan and our instructors feedback made a big difference.ReferencesBlanchard, P. N., & Thacker, J. W. (2010). Effective training Systems, strategies, and practices (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Prentice-Hall. Honey, P., & Mumford, A. (1996). The Manual of Learning Styles ( 3rd ed.). Maidenhead, NJ Honey Publications. Nadler, David A. (1998). Champions of change How CEOs and their companies are mastering the skills of radical change. San Francisco Jossey-Bass

Smog City 2 from Particle Pollution

attain Date Save Smog city 2 from corpuscle befoulment assimilator Worksheet 1. Access the Smog City 2 web position at www. smogginesscity2. org. 2. Select Save Smog City 2 from Particle taint. 3. Once Smog City 2 loads to your computer, take banknote of the areas of Smog City, including Weather Conditions, ventings Levels and population. All areas have clickable choices. Mouse-over or click on the choices. NOTE in the information thump at the bottom of the screen, thither is information about individu wholey choice. 4.Notice how each of the choices are pre-set to a certain level. These are called the inadvertence settings. You can use the reset vent at any time to return to the default settings. In the map below, circle or highlight the default setting for each choice. The first off setting, sun, has already been completed for you. Weather ConditionsChoices include in the Area Sunlight Inversion Layer Wind Speed Maximum Daily Temperature neaten -Partly Cloudy Cloudy No inversion Low inversion eminent inversionCalm Light Breeze Breezy Windy 30? F 40 ? F 50? F 80? F 90? F 100 ? F 110 ? F dischargeChoices Included in the Area Energy Sources Cars and Trucks eat up course Vehicles Consumer Products- Industry or so energy sources produce more smog-producing liberations than others. (level 1 is cleaner sources like a wind or solar technology, level 3 produces more smog like a coal-fired power plant) Levels 1 2 3 This includes passenger vehicles (all sizes), large and medium trucks, motorcycles Levels 1 2 3 4 5This includes airplanes, trains, power boats, earth movers, tractors, harvesters, forklifts, bulldozers, backhoes Levels 1 2 3 4 5 This includes paint thinner, charcoal lighter fluid, glue or other adhesives, flatulence Levels 1 2 3 4 5 This includes manufacturing facilities, power plants, vegetable oil refineries/storage/distribution centers, food and agricultural processing Levels 1 2 3 4 5 Area NameChoices Includ ed in the Area Population Population in Smog City 2 accepts air quality. Changing population, as shown by the total emissions chart and the emission sources n the cityscape, affects VOCs, NOx and SO2. The compounds react to form ground-level ozone and touch pollution. When temperatures are cool, ever-changing population also changes the usage of wood-burning stoves, which emit particle pollutionIn Smog City 2, you can increase the population from near-zero to about two million people. Levels 1 2 3 4 5 5. Observe the AQI (Air Quality Index) box inside the black box. The default settings, which are circled preceding(prenominal), result in a red, or Unhealthy AQI for particle pollution.The health message is combat-ready children and adults, and people with respiratory disease, such as asthma, should avoid prolonged open-air(prenominal) exertion everyone else, especially children, should limit prolonged outdoor exertion. Scenario 1 Emission Sources 1. Minimize the Save Smog City 2 from Particle Pollution instructions at the top of the screen. 2. Turn only Cars and Trucks control to 1. set forth all other choices at the default settings. Record what happens on the Student Worksheet in the table below. Uses the reset button to return the Cars and Trucks control to 3, so all controls are in default position. . Turn only Off Road down to 1. Leave all other settings alone. Record what happens on the Student Worksheet. Use the reset button to return the Off Road control to the centre setting, so all controls are in default position. Student Worksheet Energy SourcesCars &038TrucksOff RoadConsumer ProductsIndustryAir Quality Index (AQI) ColorMessageValue DefaultRedUnhealthy157 21333YellowModerate80 23133RedUnhealthy158 4. Using the worksheet below, adjust each of the remaining controls noted in red and record the result in the worksheet. Student WorksheetEnergy SourcesCars &038TrucksOff RoadConsumer ProductsIndustryAir Quality Index (AQI) ColorMessageValue 23313 RedUnhealthy175 23331RedUnhealthy152 13333Red Unhealthy173 5. Move all Emission controls to level 1. What is the AQI? Why? The AQI is green and healthy. The emissions are the main reason for the deplorable air quality. 6. Using the reset button, return all Emission controls to the middle setting and turn the Population control to level 1. What is the AQI? Why? (Hint enter WHAT IS THIS in the information box) The AQI is green again.The reason for this is because when there are slight(prenominal) people, there are less emissions as well as less particle pollutions from wood burning fireplaces (when the weather drops below 50 degrees. ) Scenario 2 Weather 1. Using the reset button, return all Emission and Population controls to the middle setting. What is the AQI level? Unhealthy for sensitive groups is the AQI when emissions and population controls are in the middle. 2. Set the Temperature to 80 degrees F. Check the black sign in the cityscape for the temperature. How does this aff ect particle pollution?Why? Heat increases the chemical conversion of emissions to ozone and particle pollution. 3. Move the Inversion control to low-altitude (the far right). How does this affect particle pollution levels? Why? Temperature inversions create a warm layer of air above the ground-level ozone that traps pollution. The lower the altitude, the closer to the ground the lid traps the pollution. Questions Based on all the data collected, answer the following questions 1. Was there any one changeable that seemed to have a greater increase in particle pollution than others tested?Which one? Population made the most impact in either direction quicker than any other factor. 2. What steps could be taken to control emissions levels? Choose energy sources that are not produced with fogy fuels, telecommute (shop online) instead of taking trips to the mall, recycle, etc. 3. Can you think of ways to come down particle pollution levels? Keep fire burning to a nominal or use a gas b urning fireplace instead, charge a bike, take public transportation, walk, keep off road trips to a minimum, avoid revving engines for longer than 30 seconds when driving, etc.

Audit Program Essay

The purpose of this part of the audit exercise for Apollo lieu is to design discharges of controls, substantive adjudicates of proceeding, and analytical procedures for the sales, solicitation, conciliatesheet, personnel, acquisition, and payment oscillations. These run and procedures be with endeavor to at analyse operating effectiveness of subjective controls of Apollo Shoes on the root of documentation provided. It is with the understanding that with the performing of test and procedures an opinion can be formed but management of Apollo shoes is responsible for the maintenance and sound judgment internal controls of over financial addressing.The design of test of controls of the sales and collection cycle follows. piggy revenue and Collection rhythm assays of Controls Sales Cycle The check over of the revenue and collection cycle manual of Apollo Shoes provides the improper enroll keeping of sales orders and that sales orders atomic number 18 not numbered whic h may take the accuracy of pricing on postings so steps. The test of controls for sale cycle to determine accuracy get out be 1. Examine sample 1004345 for Anglonesia rehabilitation and Reprogramming Institute invoice to review unit bells of merchandise listed.Comp atomic number 18 unit prices on invoice for merchandise to these shoe types from inventory status report of two hundred7. 3. ensure unit prices on invoices are better. Collection Cycle A review of proportion fixation from nodes provides a customer of Apollo Shoes Neutralizers ac reciteancy balance was understated by $ 1,388. 75, which prompts testing of existence of collections. With that schooling, the test of controls of existence of collections pull up stakes be 1. Determine if bank reconciliation has been performed. . put across bank define slips and for end of socio-economic class for 2007 and bank statement with schooling for deposit for end of social class 2007. 3. recap accounts receivable ag ed discharge balance. 4. compare deposit enumerate listed on bank statement to deposit slips. 5. recapitulation balance on reconciliation. 6. Compare payments customers indicate on balance stomachations to those listed on deposit slips for end of year 2007 and payments indicated on accounts receivable aged mental testing balance. substantiate the amounts of reconciliation, bank statement, deposit slips, and accounts receivable aged exertion balance align. Substantive Tests of Transactions Sales Cycle With the same rule of attesting to accuracy of save sales with the test of controls notation of a customer indicating receipt of merchandise not requested, the steps of substantive test of transactions are 1. Examine sample 1004345 for Anglonesia reformation Trace invoice back down to shipping documents, sales and customer order. 2. Verify shipping amount is correct. . Verify if what is listed is sales order was shipped. 4. Verify if what listed on sales or is what Anglonesia Rehabilitation requested Collection Cycle In regards to collections, the same rationale for test of controls proving existence with the home of Neutralizer having an understated balance, the substantive test for collections would be 1. limited review cash receipts journal for the amount of the cash receipt indicated by customers. 2. inspection bank statement for deposits indicated. 3. reappraisal deposit slips for list of deposits. 4.Verify amount customers indicate they payment is listed on deposit slips and are include on deposits listed on bank statement. Analytical Procedures Sales Cycle From the basis of negative press that Larry Lancaster addresses in the letter to shareh gagaers the assumption is that sales will decrease. The analytical procedures to confirm expectations for the sales cycle will be 1. check over the sales trial balances from end of year 2006 and 2007. 2. Divide the sales trial balances for 2007 by the 2006 trial balance. 3. Determine the office change and if it is positive to confirm expectation.Collection Cycle From the same basis for the analytical procedure for the Sales cycle and questions of collectability from M exclusively-Wart, it is the expectation that AR will balance will be self-aggrandizingr than last year so the analytical procedure will be 1. Review audited balance of AR for 2006 and the unaudited balance of 2007. 2. Determine if the AR balance has increase as expected. Payroll and Personnel Cycle The paysheet and personnel cycle substantiate a high level of internal control to ensure that employees are salaried accurately and on time.This as well as ensures that the company files accurate and timely payroll returns with the government. Tests of Controls 1. Review time card game for hourly employees to ensure that the time clock was used to record altogether hours worked. 2. Review time cards for hourly employees to confirm that the supervisor has canonical them. 3. Examine the last payroll or employees list ing which supervisors checked and equalize it with personnel files to confirm that all paid employees are electric current employees.Review personnel files to confirm that all current pay rates have been properly authorized by supervisors and properly documented. . Review personnel files to confirm authorized pay rates match the paychecks from the last pay cycle. 6. Review personnel files for current and updated W-4 and I-9 forms. 7. espouse the segregation of duties in the payroll part and confirm that payroll forms are reviewed before checks are issued. 8. Confirm that the correct payroll forms are sent to accounts payable. 9. Confirm that there is a segregation of duties in the treasurers office. 10. Confirm with supervisors that all paychecks are distributed or turned back in to the treasurers office.Verify that all paychecks are signed for when picked up or dispersed. 12. Confirm that all payroll checks are numbered and accounted for. 13. Review payroll tax financial obli gation accounts and ensure they are properly recorded. 14. Review payroll tax expense and tax liability accounts and confirm amounts against the quarterly payroll tax returns. 15. Review the bank statements for the payroll account to verify that deposits are transferred every two weeks and payroll checks are the only withdrawals. Substantive Tests of Transactions 1. Review the payroll journal for adjusting entries or unusual entries. . Compare off checks against payroll journal and verify that the information matches and is correct.Examine the endorsement on the cancelled checks to ensure that they were endorsed correctly. 4. Compare cancelled checks against the list of current employees. 5. Reconcile the distributions in the payroll journal with the checks clean-cut on the bank statement. 6. Confirm and review bank reconciliations for the payroll account. 7. involve 100 hourly employees and recomputed their hours worked from the time cards for three separate pay cycles.Select 100 hourly employees and recomputed their gross pay based on their time cards for three separate pay cycles. 9. Select 200 employees and confirm that withh middle-ageding amounts are accurate based on W-4 and current tax tables. 10. Use the same 200 employees in the previous test and recalculate net pay based on verified gross pay and withh aginging calculations. 11. Examine the payroll transactions to ensure that expenses are being allocated to the correct expense account. 12. Examine cleared check dates and equal them with the pay cycle pay dates.Compare the payroll expense account balances with the previous year payroll expense account balance (adjust for increases in pay or new hires). 2. Compare direct labor be as a percentage of sales and compare with prior age percentage. 3. Compare payroll tax expense as a percentage of salaries and wages with prior senile age percentage (adjust for increases in tax rates). 4. Compare accrued payroll tax accounts with prior years. 5. Compa re accrued vacation, be sick pay, and other benefits as a percentage of salaries and wages with prior years percentage (adjust for any policy changes and new hires). 6.Verify accrued payroll taxes with the subsequent periods payroll tax returns to determine the amount of the liability at the balance sheet date. Acquisition and Payment Cycle The acquisition of goods and services is important to ensure proper internal controls are in place and being followed because these include leveragings of raw materials, equipment, supplies, maintenance, and research and development. In reviewing Apollo Shoes acquisition and payment cycles, and developing the audit plan, tests of controls must be reviewed, followed by substantive tests of transactions, and finally analytical procedures.Tests of Controls 1. Complete a practice of five judgmentally selected receipts of inventory. a. Verify the procedures in the clients memorandum by interviewing the workers. b. Is the segregation of duties stil l being observed? 2. Complete a walk-thorough of five judgmentally selected payments. c. Verify the procedures in the clients memo by interviewing the workers. d. Is the segregation of duties still being observed? 3. In order to test if the process for authorizing payments is working, judgmentally select ten payments and check individually for e.Is it canceled? f. Is the purchase require attached? g. Is the receiving report attached and showing the same quantity invoiced and arranged? h. Is the receiving report signed by the receiving clerk? i. Does the quantity paid and the price paid, match the invoice and the purchase requisition and purchase order? j. Did the vender offer a cash discount? If so, was the discount taken? k. Was the invoice paid on time? 4. In order to test if the process for receiving goods is working, judgmentally select ten receipts from last month and check all(prenominal) for l.Was it supported by a valid purchase requisition and purchase order? m. Was th e receipt signed by the receiving clerk? n. Was the quantity received the same as the quantity ordered? o. Was the shipment paid in the right quantity and prices (as ordered)? 5. In order to test if the process for get capital pluss is working, judgmentally select two capitalized assets from the general record book and check each for p. Was it authorized? q. Is the depreciation taken correct each month and started with asset being put into service? r. Observe the asset. 6.Review any old receiving, requisition, or purchase orders that are not matched. Review any old invoices that are not matched. Inquire near their status. Substantive Tests of Transactions 1. Observe the clients year-end inventory count. a. Judgmentally select ten count tags and make copy. b. Note any slow moving or discredited items. c. Resolve any differences between inventory records and counts. d. Get copy of rise count when complete. 2. Verify count is recorded in the GL (and subsidiary ledger agrees with GL) e. Trace selected items from inventory count into general ledger detail.Select several(prenominal) items from GL and trace to count sheet. g. Verify that slow-moving and damage inventory is determine at salvage estimates (odd sized shoes). h. Test foot (verify math) of inventory valuation. i. Test pricing of inventory by tracing to purchase invoice. j. Test cut-off by reviewing receipts two weeks before and after year-end and determine that they were recorded in the correct period and counted or excluded from inventory as appropriate. k. Review inventory adjustment for reasonableness based on differences found during count.Review compriseing method (LIFO/FIFO) journal entries. l. Review reserves for obsolescence. 4. Review payments since year end that are over 10% of materiality. Verify that if they were incurred prior to year end that they are accrued in year-end payables. 5. Obtain a letter from legal counsel about contingent liabilities. 6. Read proceedings of the board of directors for contingent liabilities or subsequent events. 7. Ask management about any incurred but not paid amounts. m. Review any old receiving, requisition, or purchase orders that are not matched with invoices.Review any old invoices that are not matched with purchasing documentation. 8. Inquire about the status of the jumbo shipment of odd sized shoes at year end. Was this paid? Analytical Procedures 1. Compare current transactions with previous years statements. a. Similar expenses should not have evidential variances period to period. b. Any significant variances should be examined to determine the reason. 2. Accounts payable transactions should be reviewed to ensure no unusual vendors or companies received payment when they shouldnt have.Ratios should be compute and compared from period to period. Any significant variances should be examined to determine the reason. c. Average Accounts collectible Trade Balance d. Accounts payable Turnover e. Days in Accounts Payable 4 . Compute inventory turnover and compare to prior years to debate if trend is reasonable. 5. Compute a three year trend for inventory, payables, cost of goods sold, and operating expenses. 6. Calculate inventory and payables as a percent of assets and expenses as a percent of sales. f. Ask the client to explain fluctuations that are large or unusual.

The Shock of Enslavement

African rulers began enslaving and selling their own people to Europe and other countries prospicient before there was such a large demand for slaves in the early 1600s. Enslavement started out as punishment for crimes, but short became a booming business for African rulers. English colonists who had a affect for cheap labor decided to tap into the slave trade to get wind affordable plantation workers. Africans were taken against their will, tortured, and dehumanized in preparation for their move into slavery.Africans of all social ranks ended up on slave ships. whatsoever had been village leaders some already slaves in Africa, members of chiefs families and the educated elite. They were kidnapped, apart(p) from their families, branded like cattle, and made to march in chains to the lantern slide where they would be confined in cages until there were enough of them to fill a ship. The slaves then boarded canoes to be ferried to the ships.Many became desperate and decided to ju mp oerboard and drown rather than be carried off to an unknown destination. The voyage from Africa to northernmost America was a six- to eight-week-long ocean voyage called the Middle Passage. Men were fasten below decks in spaces about 6 feet long, 16 inches wide, and 30 inches high. Women and children were jammed even more tightly. The slaves were forced to stay below decks most of the meter where the smell of vomit, blood, and other body fluids grew rancid.Some slaves went insane from the cooped up conditions, and hearing shrieks and groans of cark or dying. Others refused to eat. On many voyages, between 5 and 20 percent of the slaves died from disease and other causes. Those who survived the horrifying voyage endured the humiliation of be sold. Buyers generally preferred males and often looked for slaves from certain African ethnic groups, accept that some Africans would work harder than others.The do often involved being looked over for signs of disease, including bei ng poked and prodded. Many terrified Africans thought they were going to be eaten. universe a slave in early American times would reserve been a horrible way to live. But that seems mild compared to the actual process of becoming a slave and enduring the horrific voyage overseas to America. We can only hope that time has healed some of the pain and suffering caused to all generations and races that have been enslaved throughout the years.Works CitedDavid Goldfield et al.(2009) The American Journey a history of the United States, p.68-71 The Wikimedia Foundation (2010) http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Passage

Porters 5 Forces of the Retail Industry

ostiariuss vanadium Forces of the Retail Industry I. Supplier Power The bargaining force-out of Suppliers is relatively gloomy. There is a high competition between suppliers which means that their might to raise values or reduce quantity is very low. Suppliers include some(prenominal) domestic and international manufacturers and because many sell products atomic number 18 standardized, retailers have low switching costs which make the supplier origin low.Larger retailers have power over their suppliers because they can threaten suppliers to change to a different suppliers which would importantly hurt the suppliers because of their great market shargon. Furthermore larger retailers can vertically integrate with suppliers they ar having trouble cooperating with. II. Bargaining Power of Buyers The bargaining power of buyers is relatively low. This is because since thither are so many customers, no hotshot customer will have bargaining leverage. Therefore bargaining must be done in massive groups which are hard to organize.If consumers study not to shop at a retail outlet they to the highest degree potential miss out on value or price as well as convenience of shopping retail. III. Competitive emulation Competitive rivalry is medium to high. There are numerous competitors as well as many E-retailers that are entering the market rapidly. several(prenominal) Rivals are highly dedicated to being industry leaders. Furthermore there are diverse approaches and differing goals between competitors. These are all factors that lead to a high force but because exit barriers are low.Therefore weak firms are more likely to leave the market which in turn, increases profits for be firms which weakens the power of competitive rivalry. IV. Threat of Substitutes Threat of substitutes is low because there are not many substitutes that offer low prices and convenience to consumers. The goal of retailers it bear a wide variety of products at one fix and in many case s create a one stop shopping location which leaves little room for alternatives. V. Threat of New CompetitorsThreat of new competitors is low because customers are very loyal to existing brands and retail stores. The companies that are most likely to enter the retail market are grocery stores. However, it takes a fix of time and money to build a good brand take in and then get consumers to you store. Because of this, new entrants will spending money on building a brand when establishing which leaves them less money that can be used to give themselves a competitive advantage in the market. secondly strong distribution networks are required to keep a retail store stocked.Weak distribution networks result in more expense in moving goods around. Sources Nair, Sanel. Walmart. N. p. , n. d. Web. 23 Feb. 2013. . Retail Industry Five Forces Analysis. N. p. , n. d. Web. 23 Feb. 2013. . Porter, M. E. (2000) What is outline? Harvard Business Review Retrieved February 5, 2012 from http// hbr. org/product/what-is-strategy/an/96608-PDF-ENG Porter, M. E. (1980) Competitive Strategy, Free Press, New York. Porters Five Forces Analysis of Wal-Mart. Write Academic, 12 Sept. 2012. Web. 23 Feb. 2013. .

How Has Technology Impacted on the Olympic Games

YEAR 10 befuddle way ASSIGNMENT How has applied science impacted on the Olympic Games? Consider 1. How has applied science contri howevered to the performance levels at the Olympics (5 Marks) 2. The Impact of engineering for participants, officials, coaches and spectators (5 Marks) 3. What atomic number 18 the major honor qualified implications of the pulmonary tuberculosis of technology at the Olympics? (5 Marks) 4. In your opinion how pass on prox advancements in technology effect i) Future Olympics ii) Participant in gasconade How much has technology impacted the Olympics?Id say greatly due to the performance levels of the supporters, the opportunities for the participants, coaches, officials and spectators, the ethical implications and the ongoing breaking of records finishedout history. engineering keeps improving and therefore improving the athletes as well so the interrogative mood is, how far drive out they go? 1. In the Olympics, technology has contributed to th e performance of athletes greatly due to natural training techniques through technology and the advancements in technology standardised clothing, playing surfaces and equipment.Technology has also solelyowed athletes to recover from injury faster through rehabilitation technology like fitness gondolas which isolate points of weakness inside the body and establishs an exercise which strengthens the point of weakness and therefore help oneselfs the athlete idle words to a full recovery and even perform wagerer when they military issue to the mutation. In naiant, Speedo, a swim tangle with comp some(prenominal) excite develop a Fastskin3 bucket a foresightedsighted System which includes gawp, cap and a sheath( shorts for men and full suit for women. This quipment has revolutionized the sport of swimming by offering swimmers a cohesive, hydrodynamic resolving power to cut through the water with maximum efficiency. The Speedo FASTSKIN3 Racing System offers one(prenomin al) benefits to swimmers, including a full body passive drag reduction of up to 16. 6%, an 11% improvement in the swimmers atomic number 8 economy enabling them to swim stronger for longer, and a 5. 2% reduction in body active drag , to create the worlds smart cap, goggle and suit ever. This is from the Speedo website explaining the technological advancements in the Speedo swimsuits over the years.This combination of the cap, goggles and swimsuit is said to be worlds fastest. In long distance cycling, the athletes use the latest technological advanced bikes that become cryst eachize weight frames, large, thin tires (to achieve more distance per pedal and give a smo another(prenominal) ride), comfortable saddles and handlebars, and several gears for going up and mound hills. They also use heart rate monitors to track and streak where they should be in the race. In training, the athletes would measure when and where their heart rate should be in the race and then transfer this into the race.Another technology use by long distance cyclists is a simple two way radio which communicates with familiar spirit team mates and the drivers behind the cyclists tell aparting them when a break is attack up or a turn is approaching. The athletes also sacrifice a suit, helmet and clothe to wear while riding. The suit, helps the athlete stay dry and change as well as filtrate sweat off the body. The helmet provides an silken form reduces wind resistance and obviously provides protection for the head when falling. The shoes the athlete wears provides comfort and grip on the peddles for the long journey.In Athletics, there argon many sports which rely on the technology of the surface, the equipment the athletes use and the clothing they atomic number 18 wearing. In sprinting, the athlete needs light weight shoes like the Lunar Eclipse+2s which proides maximum comfort and tractableness for the runner. The shoe also provides the added st efficiency for the athlete w ithout the additional weight to the shoe. The suits they wear also affect their performance because they keep the body cool and holds the muscles solid as they run so they mountt pull or send the muscle into spasm.The surface also set up the performance of a sprinter because if the surface they argon competing on is sand, then the athlete would not be able to perform at theyre best. But if they debated on a synthetic track ( which is employ in London 2012), they would be able to perform to their absolute best. This sight also be related to other sports like any court related sports like tennis, athletic cogitation events and cycling. 2. The Olympics are an event which technology is used by participants, officials, coaches and spectators.Technology has made a massive impact on the Olympics flat because spectators can now retrieve results from their mobiles, athletes can look over their technique through watching a video of themselves slowed muckle to a speed of 1000 images per second, officials can tell whether an athlete won a race by 1 msec or 1. 1 milliseconds through technology and coaches can watch and measure their athletes performance. All these things came from and through technology. Spectators now hand over higher cerebrationing opportunities and better understanding of the results through television.The officials are able to explain the results through their digital timing technology and show how the athlete won or lost. non moreover do spectators defend the opportunity to understand the results they can view them anywhere they go through their mobile phones or laptops. They have the ability to whip out their phones and check results in the 100m final in the summercater and by going into special London 2012 apps on iPhones, iPads, Android phones and merely the London 2012 website.The technology that spectators are available to now, is beyond imaginable and spectators dont even have to be at their games to enjoy them, they can watch th e games through their TV, mobile phones and laptops. Athletes and coaches now use video outline to perfect the athletes techniques by going over the videos again and again until the athlete is perfect and ready for competing. The video can be broken down into images which show the different stages of movement. The athlete and coach can then follow through and tweak the performance and plan how they can resolve the issues in the performance.Officials now have the opportunity to use technology like hawk- eye and closing-line reviewer to decide whether there should be a point given. The hawk-eye technology shows whether a ball in tennis is in or out and the goal-line arbitrator is used in soccer decide whether there is a goal or not and to provide another point of view for the spectators. digital timing is another form of technology which officials use in measure events like swimming and running events. They use cameras, lasers and pressure systems to determine the clock for the athletes in the race.There are pressure pads on the starting blocks in swimming and sprinting events so they can determine reaction times and therefore determine a false start. There are also pressure pads on the walls of the swimming pools so when the swimmers touch the pads, it records the amount of time it took the get there. Lasers are now used in running events to tell the officials when the runner track the line and determine who came first or second by 1 millisecond. All this technology in the London 2012 Olympic Games was provided by a company called OMEGA who specializes in this type of technology.BMW have created a technology which tracks a device on the athlete which shows the movement of them. It is mostly used in long jumping because it shows the elevation and distance the athlete jumped as well as the speed they were travelling at. This sort of technology has evolved from impression camera, to high speed digital video, to todays 3D car vision technology. 3. Technol ogy in sport is aimed to - achieve ultimate gay performance aid performance facilitate faster times help athletes break records faster recovery from injury -make performance more high-octane These definitions are from Exploring PASS and they are absolutely right. This is what technology is supposed to do for sport but in some cases it doesnt and causes negative effects on sport. These effects are increased injuries, possible loss of usance in the sport and the exclusion of athletes due to loss of access of the technology. In the 1896 Athens Olympic Games, the marathon was run 60 minutes pokey than the 2008 Beijing Olympics.This shows the effects technology has had on the Olympics because as time has carried on technology has advanced and so have the athletes therefore beating records each year. Now, what would happen if the athlete who came first in the marathon in 1896 ran the marathon today with all the latest technology and the newest equipment? The Olympics is a massiv e multicultural event which has a lot of 3rd world countries which yet compete in the sports that they have access to like athletics.Some countries dont have access to the expensive equipment and advanced training equipment which is necessary to keep up with the world. Higher Financed countries like USA are able to experiment with technology and find new ways to improve their athletes performance which is why they had developed a $5million pursuit bicycle to minimize air resistance and create a better time. Only athletes with the proper economic status would be able to gain access to this equipment. In Australia we have the AIS ( Australian work of Sport ) which is facility who develops athletes to their ultimate best.Not only does this institute help athletes chafe their best, they are one of the leading facilities in Sport Technology. The AIS keep pathetic forward in the ways of sport technology and our government provides greatly to help support their research. The Olympics i s one of the most competitive sporting events in the world and some athletes think that they need to do whatever it takes to act as home a gold. This can result to drug use, mostly steroids. Steroids is a drug which kindles your performance and helps you gain an edge on the sport.Even though this may sound good, there are disadvantages to this drug. There is aggressive behaviour, depression, sterility in males, masculinisation in women, heart disease and liver damage. Since their have been athletes to have done this, drug testing is a common element in the Olympics to ensure a sense of equality in the games. Technology can also be used to lessen the detection of drugs for which you might of used. Diuretics are used to reduce the presence of drugs in urine. Epitestosterone is biological form of testosterone and blood plasma expanders are used to increase the fluid component of blood.So technology in the Olympics can be used for good and bad reasons, it can be expensive and inacce ssible to some countries which also creates inequality in the games but even though their might be inequality when training, technology in the games makes sure that every athlete is given a fair go by digital timing and drug testing on all athletes. 4. i) As technology is being improved everyday and every Olympics, new records are being made, I think that in future Olympics records leave alone still be beaten but as the years go on the athletes wont be able to go any further and so technology with have taken over the Olympics fully.But I also think that athletes allow for see that there is a particularise and stop before the sport they love loses its tradition and meaning. Since the athletes will only use technology if they need it to train, I think that the technology used in faster recoveries will never reach a limit and just keep advancing through the ages. For example, Athletes wont have to worry about serious injury since they have a machine which can regenerate a muscle ba ck to full wellness in a day or hours.Technology will never have a limit so forming new training techniques and new equipment for the athletes to use will help the athletes stay inside of the ethical guidelines of the Olympics but the athletes will not have technology attached or inside of them to enhance their performance so it doesnt destroy the sport. ii) Since technology is advancing and now that you have the opportunity to play tennis inside your own home utilize a Wii or Xbox Kinect and play other around the world meat that soon everyone might indirect request to do this and less people will want to participate in sport outside.Technology will soon want to accompany all physical and mental types around the world so a new technology that might want to involve senior people thinking they are playing sport through a headset might transfer itself to the teenage generation and then move to all the others and therefore taking away participation in sport. Not only will this cause possible health problems for people who use such(prenominal) technology, it can also lead to social isolation. Technology which is used for sport performance should make the participant go outside to perform quite than stay indoors, technology should promote the sport and not do the lineage for them.

Case Study Spooked by Computers Essay

This case study, Spooked by Computers, clearly points out the change in mindset of technology with cost saved with the use of computers in the workplace. With the improver of newer, fresher minds sometimes comes with it, newer, fresher ideas and means of operating In this detail case, organizational development would be a well implemented plan. As the different levels of management all working together for a unwashed goal as it is, implementing the OD would bring all of them together to be to a greater extent cost and time effective.When working with a spectrum of learning levels we sometimes come across a resistance to change. We invite this by Suzanne who was confident(p) that all control would be lost if automation was brought into the workplace. She believed that she was too quondam(a) to take on something new and bound to be much more confusing. Martin Walker was brought into the technology innovation to bridge the workplace gap as he was fresh out of college and was on to p of his game with pronounce processors.He was able to educate or at least intercommunicate those who needed to be apprised or the newest advances in technology. He was respected by his fellow co-workers as he seemed to create a camaraderie of sorts. promotional material in technology will always be a offset of resistance in the workplace. The case study was an ideal example of whatever American small business trying to transform to the coming of age. As we hire the fresh out-of-college faces, slowly pushing the grandfathered generation through, we will see this scared to change mentality.

America’s Compulsory education Essay

This webp come along give a brief tarradiddle of the roots of Americas Compulsory development starting in Massachusetts in 1852. This find come forward(a)ance law required all shaverren to process public give instruction. The review of education across the country in contemporaneousness is reconciled as such on the website that every state in the US requires civilise aged children (children of the age of 6) to attend or be go ined in public or private school or to be home schooled.Although in most states the age of a school leaving child is controversial, as well as the age at which they whitethorn quit school (by either graduating at the age of 17 or 18, or by taking their GED), the website also offers that keeping a child in school ( tall school) may become a financial result to the district as principles and teachers may spend more of their time handing out disciplinary reactions to the disruptive student instead of teaching. The website further states that truancy and school attention varies from state to state. appropriation enactment 1Today, every state and territory requires children to enroll in public or private education or to be home-schooled. More than half32 statesrequire students to pay off their education by age 6. nigh states set their age requirements as low as age 5 and as gritty as age 8. All children are required to continue their education into their high school years, with 26 states setting the cutoff age at 16. The rest states require students to stay in school through age 17 or 18 (The National league for State Legislatures, 2007). particular definition on changeover 1The in a higher place statement suggests that the overall attendance of school-aged children is dictated by the state, not by the federal government. Thus, it is the states responsibility to ensure that children are gaining proper education. The age range for a student to stop attending school is set at 16, exclusively the website does mention at what age the GED fucking be taken, or mentioning at what age home schooled children may gain their degree and go to college. Passage 2 States and territories also set a minimum age for children to enroll in kindergarten, which is typically star or two years precedent than the compulsory education age.Every state or territory with a policy on this issue has established age 5 as the minimum age (The National Conference for State Legislatures, 2007). slender rendering on Passage 2 The website seems to have conflicting ideas about what age a child should begin school. One passage states that age quintuple is the age to begin while another passage states that age 6 is the age to begin. With this change in age it seems that the older the child begins school, by the time the child reaches high school and is able to quit and so the less education they would be exposed to. Passage 3Some experts assert that age may be an arbitrary indicator or measure of a childs ability to succeed in school and should not be used at all. Others point out that when a state considers legislation, such as Nebraska, allowing younger children to enter kindergarten, policymakers essentialiness understand that there is likely to be a large accession in the number of children entering kindergarten during the first year of the new policy, thereby straining already tight school district budgets and increasing the wish for teachers (The National Conference for State Legislatures, 2007).Critical Commentary on Passage 3 This passage mentions something that has been seen prior in the paper that is the use of school resources to keep children in school who would desire otherwise (such as children who fatality to join the workforce, students who are ready for college and do not need to attend high school). It seems that according to this website, school districts across America not further isolated to unmatchable state are having a great obstruction in finding funding and teachers, bec ause of this lack of funding are creation pressure to attend to class sizes that are too large for one teacher to handle.The website does not mention specific numbers by which the teachers must teach, but statistics show that one teacher typically has thirty confirming students per class. This should be and needs to be mentioned on the website in order for an immaculate portrayal of public schools and Compulsory Education to be properly examined. short letter 2 Source Information Illich, Ivan. De schooling Society. 16 September 2007. <http//reactorcore. org/deschooling. html> rating Paragraph The webpage offers an examination of the social and governmental agencies present in the get together States ranging from Social Welfare, to schools.The creator offers to the reader this twisted view of reality that has been forced into the conception of a student being schooled when in fact theyre being taught merely to pass a grade and not inescapably learning anything of use. Ap propriation Passage 1 In these essays, I allow for show that the institutionalization of values leads inevitably to physical pollution, social polarization, and psychological impotency three dimensions in a process of global degradation and regenerate misery (Illich 2007). Critical Commentary on Passage 1The to a higher place statement gives the reader the point of view of the write and does not at this beginning part of the essay go into detail about facts. Although the webpage is in the main opinion, it should be equilibrise quite out of necessity with facts to back up the authors point of view. The site does however offer fascinate commentary on school reform. Passage 2 I exigency to raise the general question of the mutual definition of mans nature and the nature of modern institutions which characterizes our world view and language.To do so, I have chosen the school as my paradigm, and I thence extend that indirectly with other bureaucratic agencies of the corporate state the consumer-family, the party, the army, the church, the media (Illich 2007). Critical Commentary on Passage 2 In this passage again the reader sees the opinion of the author. The author does give the reader a circumstances to understand his topic in appropriation with his underlying theory.The fact that the author states that schools are decent ill-directed and matches this institute with other institutes such as hospitals and practice of law is an way of state and government issues that must also be focused on in the essay. Passage 3 Not only education but social reality itself has become schooled. It costs roughly the like to school both rich and poor in the same dependency. The one-year expenditure per pupil in the slums and in the rich suburbs of any one of twenty U. S.cities lies in the same range-and sometimes is favorable to the poor (Illich 2007). Critical Commentary on Passage 3 The author expounds upon his primary thesis statement of the reform of the sch ool. In this statement however the reader can witness some facts about how the school should be reformed. Along this avenue the author continues to state that there should not be segregation in the education system and presents the dichotomy between rich and poor in education. ANNOTATION 3 Source Information Goodman, Paul.Two Simple Proposals. 16 September 2007. < http//www. factoryschool. org/rhood/goodman/twosimple. html> Evaluation Paragraph The website offers a brief synopsis of higher education in regards to lack of funding for liberal humanities in a society where technology is the fast growing commodity. Appropriation Passage 1 Our educational reality can be seen in operation in the present kind of scheduling, testing, and grading and if Dean Barzun is kindle in making a change, he can start salutary here (Goodman 2007).Critical Commentary on Passage 1 The above statement gives the reader a sense that the student body is becoming overwhelmingly concerned with their t ake education. This ranges from preliminary schooling to higher education. Thus, this website is in agreement with Illichs ideas of how generalized testing does not necessitate learning, only route memorization. Passage 2 There is little attention to psyche whole step, rhythm, or choice, and none whatever to the discovery of identity or awe to intellectual goals.The aptitude and achievement testing and the fierce competition for high grades are a race up the ladder to high-salaried jobs in the businesses of the world, including the schooling business (Goodman 2007). Critical Commentary on Passage 2 The author is revealing to the readers that the school system, although there is a no child left(a) behind law, is in fact guilty of setting an exact pace in the classroom when the diversity of learners in the classroom would call for a specialized schedule. It is common association that every person learns at their own pace and differently than another student.The state needs to fin d a measure whereby classroom grades are outdated criteria for educating students. Passage 3 The answer of this proposal is twofold to get students with overflowing life-experience to be educable on the college level, oddly in the social sciences and humanities and to break the lockstep of twelve years of doing designate lessons for grades, so that the student may approach his college studies with some intrinsic motivation, and therefore perhaps assimilate something that might change him (Goodman 2007).Critical Commentary on Passage 3 The emphasis on education being a system of grades is further emphasized in this passage. As such, the reader retains the knowledge that although the social structure of education seems to be working across the circuit card there are areas in which students are not getting enough knowledge or at least not a balanced incorporation of knowledge and hands-on experience.Work Cited Goodman, Paul. Two Simple Proposals. 16 September 2007. < http//www. factoryschool. org/rhood/goodman/twosimple. html> Illich, Ivan. Deschooling Society. 16 September 2007. <http//reactorcore. org/deschooling. html> The National Conference for State Legislatures The Forum for Americas Ideas. 2007. 16 September 2007. <http//www. ncsl. org/programs/educ/CompulsoryEd. htm>